Citations

Question 1

U.S. Const. art II, § 2

Answer 1

United States Constitution article II, section 2

Question 2

Cal. Const. art VI, § 2

Answer 2

California Constitution, article VI, section 2

Question 3

N.Y. Const. art VI, § 2

Answer 3

New York Constitution, article VI, section 2

Question 4

1} 35 U.S.C. § 12112

2} 35 U.S.C. § 12112(a) (2007)

Answer 4

1} Title 35 U.S.C. section 12112
2} Title 35 U.S.C. section 12112 (if called for, version 2007 no longer in effect)

*Statute citation: U.S. Code citation (Jurisdiction’s code, no longer legislation)

Question 5

1} Higher Education Opportunity Act, Pub. L. No. 110-315, 122 Stat. 3098 § 1110 (2008)

2} Americans with Disabilities Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110-325, 122 Stat. 3553

Answer 5

1} Name of Act, Public Law No. 110-315, Volume 122 compilation Stat. page# 3098 section (2008 Date of enactment since not already included)
2} Name of Act, Public Law 110-325, published in volume 122 | Stat. | page 3553.

*Statute citation: Session Law citation, (legislation not codified yet.)

only used when:

• enactments so recent that not codified yet,
• not codified because not generally applicable
• Writer refers to original legislation itself
• provisions widely scattered across code, making legislation citation more efficient

Question 6

1} Ariz Rev. Stat. § 13-114
exceptions:
2} 735 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 110/5
State specific compilation name | [optional principle division] | section 
3} Mass. Gen. L. ch. 221, § 1

Answer 6

1} Abbreviation of Arizona Revised Statutes | sections 13 thru 114
2} 735 | Ill. Compiled Statutes | section 110/5
3} Massachusetts General Law | chapter 221 | section 1

*Codified State statutory provisions

Question 7

1} Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. 208, 134 S. Ct. 2347 (2014)

Answer 7

1} Plaintiff Alice Corp. v. Defendant CLS Bank International, Case ID (volume, reporter, first page the case appears), Parallel Case ID as previous, (year of decision)
*Supreme Court Judicial Opinion
No deciding court is needed because U.S. indicate supreme court.

Question 8

1} CLS Bank Int’l v. Alice Corp. Pty., 768 F. Supp. 2d 221, 228 (D.D.C. 2011).

Answer 8

1} Plaintiff CLS Bank Int’l v. Defendant Alice Corp. Pty., case ID: (volume 768 F. Supp. 2d | first page the case begins: 221, pinpoint citation: page 228 | (deciding court: District of Columbia).
*Federal Circuit Judicial Opinion

Question 9

T/F about the deciding court reference: The abbreviation for a state standing alone signifies a decision of the jurisdiction’s highest appellate court. For that reason no notation at all is required when the state is indicated in a reporter name. For example, “(Kan. 1976)” indicates a 1976 decision of the Kansas Supreme Court while a decision of the Kansas Court of Appeals would be indicated by “(Kan. Ct. App. 1984)” and a decision of the Kansas Supreme Court cited to the official reporter would simply show the date.

Answer 9

TRUE about the deciding court reference

Question 10

T/F about the deciding court reference: In any reference where the court is sufficiently identified by the case ID or reporter – as for example “WI” or “Wis.” – no additional reference is necessary.

Answer 10

TRUE about the deciding court reference

Question 11

T/F about the deciding court reference: Whether to indicate which of several circuits, districts, divisions or departments of a court rendered a decision depends both on the court and the context for the citation. Which circuit of the U.S. Courts of Appeals or which U.S. District Court handed down a decision is always indicated. With a decision from an intermediate level state court, the information should be included in any setting where it bears on the citation’s authority or is otherwise important. Thus, in a state where the decisions of one department or circuit are not binding on another one, citations should identify the unit that decided a case. When citing the same decision in another state there would be no need to do so.

Answer 11

TRUE about the deciding court reference

Question 12

T/F about the deciding court reference: The regional reporters covering numerous states and the reporters containing decisions of the lower federal courts do not sufficiently identify the court for a particular case. Consequently, that information must be added. Court identification is placed, in abbreviated form, in the parentheses containing the year of decision.

Answer 12

TRUE about the deciding court reference

Question 13

T/F about the Case ID/Citation/Cite: If the reference is to a portion of the opinion (as in most instances it should be), the paragraph number or numbers of that portion (with a medium-neutral citation) or the page number or numbers of that part should follow the case retrieval ID or address, set off by a comma. (Citations to one or more specific point or points in an opinion are commonly referred to as “pinpoint” or “jump” citations.)

Answer 13

TRUE about the Case ID/Citation/Cite

Question 14

T/F about the Case ID/Citation/Cite: When state cases are cited to a court in the same state, most state rules require that parallel addresses be provided if the case is reported in both an official state reporter and a West regional reporter – the official reporter address coming first, the regional reporter address second, the two separated by a comma. Here, too, parallel “pinpoint” pages are generally not necessary since most online systems contain the pagination of both reporters. When cited to courts of another jurisdiction, state decisions that appear in a regional reporter generally need be cited only to that reporter. This can mean that the same decision will, when cited within its state, have a different citation form than when cited in other jurisdictions.

Answer 14

TRUE about the Case ID/Citation/Cite