Cisco Chapter 3 Flashcards
Rule Establishment of communication
An identified sender and receiver
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements
Encoding is the process of converting information into another acceptable form, for transmission.
Decoding reverses this process in order to interpret the information.
The process of placing one message format (the letter) inside another message format (the envelope/frame) is called encapsulation. De-encapsulation occurs when the process is reversed by the recipient and the letter is removed from the envelope.
An identifier of the recipient A salutation or greeting The message content(source) A closing phrase An identifier of the sender
Message size
The long message will be sent in separate frames, with each frame containing a piece of the original message. Each frame will also have its own addressing information. At the receiving host, the individual pieces of the message are reconstructed into the original message.
Message Timing
Access Method
When someone can send a message
Flow Control
To calibrate the timing and speed of the message
Response Timeout
if no respons from the senders message comes
1 person to another
A one-to-one delivery option is referred to as a unicast, (uni = one cast is sending)
Multicasting
The delivery of the same message to a group of host destinations simultaneously.
Broadcast
If all hosts on the network need to receive the message at the same time it represents a one-to-all message delivery option. Some protocols use a special multicast message that is sent to all devices, making it essentially the same as a broadcast. Additionally, hosts may be required to acknowledge the receipt of some messages while not needing to acknowledge others.
Without any additional configuration, the switch in the example would forward multicast traffic out all other ports.
The switch is configured with Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP) so it can learn on which interfaces multicast members reside. CGMP is beyond the scope of this course.
Protocol suite
Like customs in a country
A group of inter-related protocols with describe precise requirements and interactions that arenecessary to perform a communication function.
Protocol suites are implemented by hosts and networking devices in software, hardware or both.
Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices. Common networking protocols:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP).
Protocol stack
Shows how the individual protocols within a suite are implemented.
The protocols are viewed in terms of layers, with each higher level service depending on the functionality defined by the protocols shown in the lower levels.
The lower layers
are concerned with moving data over the network and providing services to the upper layers
Upper layers
Are focused on the content of the message being sent.
IP in this course refers to both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. IPv6 is the most recent version of IP and the replacement for the more common IPv4.
Can you describe the networking protocols processes?
1: The message is formatted or structured (sender)
2 The networking devices share information about pathways with other networks (Router)
3: The figuring out of how and when the error/system messages are passed between the devices
4: The setup and termination of data transfer sessions,(Receiver)
HTTP
application layer 1
Aan application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between the client and server. Both the client and the web server software implement HTTP as part of the application. HTTP relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client and server.
TCP
Transport layer 2
The transport protocol that manages the individual conversations. TCP divides the HTTP messages into smaller pieces, called segments. These segments are sent between the web server and client processes running at the destination host. TCP is also responsible for controlling the size and rate at which messages are exchanged between the server and the client.
Eternet
Network acces layer 4
A network access protocol that describes two primary functions: communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media. Network access protocols are responsible for taking the packets from IP and formatting them to be transmitted over the media.
IP
Internet layer 3
Is responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, encapsulating them into packets, assigning them the appropriate addresses, and delivering them to the destination host.
The TCP/IP protocol suite
An open standard, means these protocols are freely available to the public, and any vendor is able to implement these protocols on their hardware or in their software.
