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Heme and Lymph Final > CIS: Pediatric Anemia > Flashcards

CIS: Pediatric Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia, what is it

A

reduction of the hbg concentration or RBC volume below the range of values occurring in healthy persons
-varies with age

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2
Q

What does anemia do to your heart?

A

speeds it up to compensate

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3
Q

What change do we see in the O2 saturation curve in anemia?

A

the affinity of Hbg for O2 gets lower

-blood O2 content goes down from normal

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4
Q

Does EPO go up or down?

A

up

-we need to make more

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5
Q

What do we need to ask someone who has anemia?

A

if they are bleeding!

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6
Q

What region is important for thalassemia?

A

mediterranean

-Thala means sea

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7
Q

What does thalassemia protect against?

A

malaria falciparium

  • so does G6PD
  • and sickle cell
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8
Q

What does Chloramphenicol do in the realm of anemia?

A

it can cause aplastic anemia!

-so watch out

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9
Q

What kind of anemia is anemia of chronic disease?

A

microcytic hypochromic

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10
Q

What kind of anemia does Pb cause

A

Microcytic hypochromic

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11
Q

What kind of Anemia does Parvovirus cause?

A

aplastic anemia

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12
Q

What clinical finding will always be there in extravascular hemolysis?

A

splenomegaly!

-remember, the action happens in the macs

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13
Q

What do some kids have in their gall bladder?

A

stones,

-so don’t freak out when you see them

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14
Q

What happens to cardiac output in anemia?

A

it increases

  • look for a flow murmur
  • again, don’t freak out
  • it just means that more blood is running through
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15
Q

what do kids who drink cows milk get?

A

iron deficiency anemia

-there’s no bioavailable iron in milk

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16
Q

If you order H and H, what is that?

A

hemoglobin and hematocrit… that’s it

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17
Q

What do we order for someone who has anemia?

A

a CBC

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18
Q

RDW, what is it and why is it important

A

the range of RBC sizes

-higher means some kind of iron defiency or something like that

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19
Q

poikilocytosis

A

different shapes

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20
Q

what do we use to determine the kind of anemia… micro or macrocytic

A

MCV

-mean corpuscular volume

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21
Q

2 ways to divide anemia

A

are the RBCs being destroyed or is the bone marrow not working?

22
Q

What test will tell us if the bone marrow is working?

A

the reticulocyte count

23
Q

how can we tell a lead toxicity from an iron deficiency?

A

they both have microcytic hypochromic anemia associated with them
-but Pb will give us a higher RDW

24
Q

what do we think of if all of the cells are lower than normal?

A

the bone marrow has something wrong with it

25
Q

daimond black fan

A

it’s an anemia that affects your RBC’s

26
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis

A
  • most common in men….
  • anything that affects the RBC membrane… the spleen eats it
  • so the spleen gets bigger
27
Q

What happens to the spleen in sickle cell anemia?

A

it shrivels up

-the HbS is like spikes and kill it

28
Q

Type O moms

-what test will we do on the mom and baby

A

direct coomb’s test
indirect coomb’s
-if baby and mom’s RBC’s mix unmatched… it will be bad
-baby will be jaundiced (unconjugated bilirubinemia)

29
Q

Fanconi’s anemia

A
  • this is on EVERY standardized test
  • there will be skin hyperpigmentation
  • Macrocytic with a low retic count
30
Q

if their Hgb is low, what would you order next?

A

MCV

-then reticulocytes

31
Q

What does parvovirus B19 cause again?

A

aplastic anemia

32
Q

all we need to know about diamond black fan

A
  • red cell aplasia
  • in the neonatal period
  • normocytic with low reticulocyte count
33
Q

inheritance of sickle cell disease

A

auto recessive

34
Q

why does the rbc in sickle cell anemia sickle

A
  • deoxygenated hbg in this disease polymerized

- the spleen tries to chew it up and loses.. autosplenectomy

35
Q

Heinz body

A

denatured hbg

  • bite cells
  • G6PD deficiency
36
Q

Spherocytosis, Autosomal or x-linked?

A

auto

-dominant

37
Q

direct Coombs test

A

antibodies ON the RBC

-indirect means it’s somewhere in the serum

38
Q

if a building has been there since WHAT year, it will have lead in the paint?

A

1970’s

39
Q

what will the reticulocyte count look like in iron deficiency anemia?

A

it will be low

-confirmation of diagnosis can come from reticulocytes coming back after iron supplementation

40
Q

Mentzer index

A

MCV/RBC

  • <13 suggests thalassemia
  • > 13 suggests iron deficiency
41
Q

what do we do if the MCV doesn’t help us? (like, it’s exactly 13 which is bullshit)

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

-that’ll be $572 please…

42
Q

what is the first step in evaluating a normocytic anemia?

A

get a reticulocyte count

43
Q

What does low reticulocyte count suggest?

A

bone marrow hypofunction

44
Q

What confirms a diagnosis of leukemia?

A

peripheral smear

45
Q

G6PD genetics

A

-X-linked

46
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

cross-linked sulfhydryl groups on globin chains
-they become denatured and form membrane-bound precipitates
-can lead to intravascular hemolysis
-

47
Q

What happens to G6PD cells as they pass through the spleen?

A

the Heinz bodies get eaten by macs

  • give us those bite cells
  • can also be spherocytes
48
Q

inheritance of sickle cell disease?

A

auto recessive

49
Q

What will we see with sickle cells

A

target cells and howel jolly bodies

50
Q

what is affected by pernicious anemia

A

parietal cells

-they make intrinsic factor

51
Q

If we see a normocytic anemia, what should we do next?

A

a reticulocyte count

Heme and Lymph Final (14 decks)

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