CIS Final Flashcards by Ema M

Digital v. Analog

Digital - not discrete, infinite possibilities

Analog - discrete, set of possible digits (integers)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Steps of the Digital Revolution?

Data Processing
Personal Computing
Network Computing
Cloud Computing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digitization

The manipulation of information into data that may be processed by machines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Network Computing

Multiple computers wired together
1 copy of programs on a server
Cheaper than PCs, but slower

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cloud Computing

Servers being accessed via internet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digital Society

We all have access to knowledge, which is powerful

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intellectual Property

Music, e-books, film, photographs, etc.

Copyrighted, patented material.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Open Source

Software that may be legally edited

Ex. Linux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digital Divide

Those without access to the internet may find it hard to compete against those who do

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of codes

ASCII

UNICODE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ASCII

1 Byte per character

256 characters total

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UNICODE

2 bytes per character
65,000+ characters total, more languages
However, files are double the size

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RAM

Random Access Memory
Fast (can access specific information), small, expensive
Temporary memory
Electrical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hard Drive

Permanent Memory
Slower, larger, cheaper than RAM
Mechanical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CPU

Central Processing Unit
Controls everything
Holds ALU and register

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit
Does the math
Found on CPU

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fastest memory, holds barely anything

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ROM

Read Only Memory
Small amount of memory
Won’t be lost if battery dies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opening a program

Fetch - decode - execute

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Virtual Memory

Reserves part of the HD for the use of a swapfile
Extension of RAM
Lesser-used program instructions are found here

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preemptive Multitasking

CPU only processes one thing at a time

Fetch - decode - execute

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pipelining

Used for preemptive multitasking

Working on different tasks at once

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Starting the Computer

Activate the BIOS
Power-on self-test (done by ROM)
Load the OS (from the hard drive to RAM)
Configure the system
Load the system utilities (power manager, virus protection)
Authenticate the user (password, loads settings for the user)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bootstrap

Information on ROM that is used until OS startup

IP is programmed to fetch from ROM

Kernel

OS in RAM

Device Driver

A program used by the HD | Installed with flash drives

Command Line Interface

Hacker screen

Graphical Interface

Our desktop screen (for the user)

System Utilities

File Compression Software Backup Software Antivirus Software Disk Scanning and Defragmentation

Lossy v. Lossless

Chooses priority of bits to keep; | Small as possible, can extract original

LAN

Local Area Network | Schools, businesses

WAN

Wide Area Network Multiple LANs Campuses

PAN

Personal Area Network | Desktop and laptop

P2P

Same apps on computer

Client Server Network

Accessing apps/settings from another computer (server)

BUS Network

BUS connects devices Data has an address and is sent to each device accordingly Contention and Collision Everyone disconnects with one break

Contention

Multiple devices trying to send data simultaneously

Collision

Too much data traveling through a network at once

STAR Network

Has a hub | Less contention, not everyone will break down

Ring Network

No contention or collision | Has a "token," meaning each device takes a turn in sending data

Phone Lines (network)

Original network across the country | Circuit switching - waiting for someone to get off of the phone line

The "Web"

Internet & HTML | HTML = Hypertext Markup Language

URL

Uniform Resource Locator | Internet Address

Internet Protocol | Address made of bytes

Bitmap

Pixels used to create an image | Resolution = # of pixels

Vector Graphics

3-D, uses slopes and changes in perspective

Numbers of bits/pixel and the results?

1 bit/pixel = black & white 1 byte/pixel = grey scale 3 bytes/pixel = red, green, blue

Outsourcing v. Offshoring

Using components manufactured from outside suppliers; relocating business processes in lower-cost locations

AAC - Advanced Audio Coding

Found on iTunes | Highly compressed audio files with little loss of sound quality

AACS - Advanced Access Content System

Restricts ability to copy content using encryption

Abacus

Manual Computer w/ beads

Absolute Reference

$B$2

Access Control

Limits access to certain databases

Access Time

Estimated time for a storage device to locate data on a disk | Measured in milliseconds

ActionScript

Scripting language used to develop Flash applications

ActiveX Control

Set of commands to add interactive features to Web Pages

Ad-serving Cookie

A cookie installed by a marketing firm to track user activities on websites containing its ads

Adaptive Utilities

Alters a device's user interface to make it accessible for the disabled