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General Education > CIS Final > Flashcards

CIS Final Flashcards

0
Q

Digital v. Analog

A

Digital - not discrete, infinite possibilities

Analog - discrete, set of possible digits (integers)

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1
Q

Steps of the Digital Revolution?

A
  1. Data Processing
  2. Personal Computing
  3. Network Computing
  4. Cloud Computing
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3
Q

Digitization

A

The manipulation of information into data that may be processed by machines

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4
Q

Network Computing

A

Multiple computers wired together
1 copy of programs on a server
Cheaper than PCs, but slower

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5
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Servers being accessed via internet

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6
Q

Digital Society

A

We all have access to knowledge, which is powerful

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7
Q

Intellectual Property

A

Music, e-books, film, photographs, etc.

Copyrighted, patented material.

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8
Q

Open Source

A

Software that may be legally edited

Ex. Linux

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9
Q

Digital Divide

A

Those without access to the internet may find it hard to compete against those who do

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10
Q

Two types of codes

A

ASCII

UNICODE

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11
Q

ASCII

A

1 Byte per character

256 characters total

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12
Q

UNICODE

A

2 bytes per character
65,000+ characters total, more languages
However, files are double the size

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13
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory
Fast (can access specific information), small, expensive
Temporary memory
Electrical

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14
Q

Hard Drive

A

Permanent Memory
Slower, larger, cheaper than RAM
Mechanical

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15
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit
Controls everything
Holds ALU and register

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16
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit
Does the math
Found on CPU

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17
Q

Register

A

Fastest memory, holds barely anything

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18
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory
Small amount of memory
Won’t be lost if battery dies

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19
Q

Opening a program

A

Fetch - decode - execute

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20
Q

Virtual Memory

A

Reserves part of the HD for the use of a swapfile
Extension of RAM
Lesser-used program instructions are found here

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21
Q

Preemptive Multitasking

A

CPU only processes one thing at a time

Fetch - decode - execute

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22
Q

Pipelining

A

Used for preemptive multitasking

Working on different tasks at once

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23
Q

Starting the Computer

A
  1. Activate the BIOS
  2. Power-on self-test (done by ROM)
  3. Load the OS (from the hard drive to RAM)
  4. Configure the system
  5. Load the system utilities (power manager, virus protection)
  6. Authenticate the user (password, loads settings for the user)
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24
Q

Bootstrap

A

Information on ROM that is used until OS startup

IP is programmed to fetch from ROM

25
Q

Kernel

A

OS in RAM

26
Q

Device Driver

A

A program used by the HD

Installed with flash drives

27
Q

Command Line Interface

A

Hacker screen

28
Q

Graphical Interface

A

Our desktop screen (for the user)

29
Q

System Utilities

A

File Compression Software
Backup Software
Antivirus Software
Disk Scanning and Defragmentation

30
Q

Lossy v. Lossless

A

Chooses priority of bits to keep;

Small as possible, can extract original

31
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

Schools, businesses

32
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network
Multiple LANs
Campuses

33
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network

Desktop and laptop

34
Q

P2P

A

Same apps on computer

35
Q

Client Server Network

A

Accessing apps/settings from another computer (server)

36
Q

BUS Network

A

BUS connects devices
Data has an address and is sent to each device accordingly
Contention and Collision
Everyone disconnects with one break

37
Q

Contention

A

Multiple devices trying to send data simultaneously

38
Q

Collision

A

Too much data traveling through a network at once

39
Q

STAR Network

A

Has a hub

Less contention, not everyone will break down

40
Q

Ring Network

A

No contention or collision

Has a “token,” meaning each device takes a turn in sending data

41
Q

Phone Lines (network)

A

Original network across the country

Circuit switching - waiting for someone to get off of the phone line

42
Q

The “Web”

A

Internet & HTML

HTML = Hypertext Markup Language

43
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

Internet Address

44
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

Address made of bytes

45
Q

Bitmap

A

Pixels used to create an image

Resolution = # of pixels

46
Q

Vector Graphics

A

3-D, uses slopes and changes in perspective

47
Q

Numbers of bits/pixel and the results?

A

1 bit/pixel = black & white
1 byte/pixel = grey scale
3 bytes/pixel = red, green, blue

48
Q

Outsourcing v. Offshoring

A

Using components manufactured from outside suppliers; relocating business processes in lower-cost locations

49
Q

AAC - Advanced Audio Coding

A

Found on iTunes

Highly compressed audio files with little loss of sound quality

50
Q

AACS - Advanced Access Content System

A

Restricts ability to copy content using encryption

51
Q

Abacus

A

Manual Computer w/ beads

52
Q

Absolute Reference

A

$B$2

53
Q

Access Control

A

Limits access to certain databases

54
Q

Access Time

A

Estimated time for a storage device to locate data on a disk

Measured in milliseconds

55
Q

ActionScript

A

Scripting language used to develop Flash applications

56
Q

ActiveX Control

A

Set of commands to add interactive features to Web Pages

57
Q

Ad-serving Cookie

A

A cookie installed by a marketing firm to track user activities on websites containing its ads

58
Q

Adaptive Utilities

A

Alters a device’s user interface to make it accessible for the disabled

General Education (3 decks)

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