CIS 005 1.2 OO Flashcards
In the middle of the seventeenth century a French mathematician built and sold gear driven machines that performed whole addition and subtractions problems
Blaise Pascal
After Blaise Pascal built his add. Sub. machine a German mathematician built the first (but unreliable) device designed to do all four whole number operations
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
In the late 18th century a Frenchman developed a loom that be came known as the ____ loom of his namesake It was used for weaving cloth. This was the first machine that make use of input effectively
Joseph Jacquard, Jacquard Loom.
By he 19th century a British mathematician by the name of _____ _____ created what was called the _____ ______
Charles Babbage, Analytical engine.
What was so revolutionary about the analytical engine despite it being to complex for the technology of the day?
It was the first counting machine to have memory so that intermediate steps wouldn’t have to be reentered, and it mad use of jacquard’s Punched cards so that both numbers could be included in the mechanical steps.
Charles Babbage, the creator of the analytical engine, had an assistant. This assistant is a romantic figure in the computing world for being considered the firs computer programmer. The computing language used by the US dept. of Def. is named after her.
Ada B Lovelace.
Computing began to excel at a rapid pace by the…
end of the 19th century.
This man produced and sold a mechanical adding machine in the late 19 century
William Burroughs.
_____ ______ produced and created the first electro mechanical tabulator which read from a punched card
Dr. Herman Hollerith
Dr. Herman Hollerith’s electro mechanical tabulator, revolutionized what in America?
The U.S. Census
Dr. Herman Hollerith used his electro mechanical tabulator to begin the company that is now known as
IBM
This British mathematician named_____ _____went on to create an abstract math model that forever changed computing. This model layer the foundation for computing theory called…
William Turing, The Turing machine.
The most prestigious medal in the field of mathematics equivalent to the Nobel peace prize is called the ____ ____
Turing Award
Analysis of the capabilities of _____ _____ is a part of theoretical studies for all computer sciences students.
Turing machines
several Computers were under design and construction by the outbreak of which war?
WWII
The two most prevalent computers during the outbreak of WWII were the _____ ____ ____ __and the ___
The Harvard Mark I, ENIAC
_____ ____ ____A consultant on the ENIAC project began another machine known as the_____ Which was completed in 1950
John Von Neumann, EDVAC
In 1951 the first commercial computer called the _____ was completed
UNIVAC 1
The_____ was the first computer used to predict the outcome of a presidential election.
UNIVAC 1
What were the years of the first generation of a computers?
1951-1959
What were the years of the second generation of a computers?
1959-1965
What were the years of the third generation of a computers?
1965-1971
What were the years of the fourth generation of a computers?
1971-?
What were first generation computers made out of?
Vacuum tubes
What are Vacuum tubes
A device that controls electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container.
What was the primary memory device used in first generation computers?
Magnetic drum
what was the input device for computers of the first generation?
IBM cards (Descendent of the Hollerith card)
what was the input device by the end of the first generation?
the input device was a much faster sequential reading “magnetic tape “ .
What were storage devices called that were external to the computer system’s memory?
Auxiliary storage devices
Collectively, Auxiliary storage devices, input and output devices became known as____ ____
Peripheral devices.
This device ushered in the second generation of commercial computing systems
the transistor
transistor
A solid state electronic semiconductor device, with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification.
Why was the transistor a good replace for the vacuum Tube?
It was smaller, more reliable, faster more durable and cheaper
Who were the three men who won the Nobel peace prize for the creation of the transistor?
John Bardeen, Walter H Brattain, and William B. Shockley.
What was the second thing that field the second generation of computing systems?
The advent of immediate -access memory.
The second generation used memory made from ____ ____
Magnetic Cores
How much information was each magnetic core capable of storing at a time?
One bit of information.
What was different about the motionless magnetic cores that made them more useful?
The information on them was available instantly.
The auxiliary storage device that accompanied the second generation was the____ ___
Magnetic Disk
The Magnetic disk was a better peripheral device because it did what ?
It allowed the user to access information in specific places on the disk because the information was stored in a specific places that could be accessed directly by referring to the location on the disk.
The second generation had the _____ other ______ of the computing system assembled on circuit boards.
Transistors/Components
The third generation was characterized by ____ _____unlike the first generation had its components on a circuit boards
Integrated circuits (IC’s)
why did Integrated circuits (IC’s) replace circuit boards?
It was smaller, more reliable, and cheaper than second generation circuit boards.
What is a Integrated circuit (IC)?
A solid piece of silicon that contained the transistors, a and other components.
Who is Gordon Moore?
One of the Co-Founders of Intel
Moore’s law, Named after Cofounder of Intel Gordon more, notes that ever since the invention of the IC (aka a chip)
The number of circuits that could be placed on a single IC was doubling each year.
Because IC technology allowed transistors to be used for memory construction
Transistors were also used for memory construction.
During the second generation ____ _____ was still needed because the memory was still volatile.
Auxiliary storage
What was was introduced in the third generation that gave the computer system user direct access to the computer system
The terminal
In the third generation what was a a terminal?
An Input/output device known as the keyboard and Monitor
What was special about the terminal?
It provided the user direct access to the system, and provided an immediate response.
What characterized the fourth generation?
Large scale integration.
What is large scale integration?
Large scale integration is the movement from several thousand transistors only silicone chip in the early 1970s to a whole new microcomputer on a chip
Main memory devices are still almost exclusively made out of _____ ___to this day
Chip technology
during this generation Moore’s law was now modified to mean that chip density was doubling every
18 months
But Late 1970s the phrase patented vocabulary
Personal computer (PC)
