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Biology > Circulatory Terms > Flashcards

Circulatory Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood back to the heart

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3
Q

Circulatory system

A

Composed of the heart and the blood vasculature: heart, arteries, and veins

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4
Q

Circulating blood

A

Supplies cells throughout the body with oxygen and remove water carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sàcs in the lungs that oxygenate the blood. Oxygen diffuses in, carbon dioxide moves out through exhalation

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6
Q

Blood

A

An atypical connective tissue that circulates throughout the blood vessels of the body.
Composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements: red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

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7
Q

Function of blood

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells and bring waste carbon dioxide from cells to lungs to be expelled.
Also transports nutrients and hormones, related body temperature, protects from pathogens, and forms clots to prevent blood loss.

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8
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A gas- transporting molecule and protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.

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9
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Produces red blood cells and platelets.

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10
Q

Blood plasma

A

Largest component of blood, 90% water.
Plasma carries suspended nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids) from the digestive system to the body.
Also transports electrolytes, components of the immune system, enzymes, and hormones, and maintains homeostasis by releasing heat.

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11
Q

Blood plasma to the kidneys

A

Blood plasma that enters the kidneys brings waste (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) to be peed out through urination.

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12
Q

Liver

A

Produces plasma proteins into blood and expelled the blood through the hepatic veins (inside the liver) to the heart for the body.

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13
Q

Erythropoietin and RBC production

A

Cells in the liver and kidney produce erythropoietin Hormone, which stimulate red blood cell production.

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14
Q

Internal respiration process

A

Bloodstream delivers oxygen and removed carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

Component of blood that defends against disease. There are many types that can be categorized as: granulocytes or agranulocytes.
Types include:
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes: B cell, T cell, natural killer cells
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte

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16
Q

Neutrophils (white blood cell)

A

Consume bacteria through phagocytosis. 60-70% of all white blood cells are neutrophils.

17
Q

Lymphocyte (white blood cell)

A

B cells: produce antibodies.
T cells: target viruses, fungi, cancer cells and transplanted cells.
Natural killer cells: attack and destroy foreign microbes.

18
Q

Eosinophil (white blood cell)

A

Destroy parasites and combat effects of histamine.

19
Q

Basophil (white blood cell)

A

Controls allergic reactions

20
Q

Monotype (white blood cell)

A

Develop into macrophages and remove debris after an infection.

21
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Release proteins (fibrin threads) to activate coagulation and promote blood clotting.

22
Q

Heart breakdown

A

Right side- deoxygenated.
Left side- oxygenated.
Atria (two upper portions)- left and right atrium.
Ventricles (two lower portions)- left and right ventricles.
Four valves: mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve.

23
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Transports blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the liver for detoxification.

24
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Arteries in the brain the provide alternate routes in case of blockage

25
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Oxygenated blood is pumped through the aorta and distributed through systemic arteries of the body.

26
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Deoxygenated blood exits the hearts right ventricle and passes through pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

27
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
(Heart beats/min)(stroke volume)=CO

28
Q

Mitral and tricuspid valve

A

Facilitate blood flow from the atria into the ventricles.

29
Q

Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves

A

Prevent the backflow of blood.

30
Q

Coronary blood vessels

A

Coronary arteries: Supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood.
Coronary veins: Drain deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscle.

31
Q

Conduction system of the heart

A

Regulates the electrical impulses that make the heart beat.

32
Q

Circulatory systems two main routes:

A

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

33
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Moves blood between the heart and lungs. In this process, arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

34
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Biology (5 decks)

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