Circulatory Terms Flashcards
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart
Circulatory system
Composed of the heart and the blood vasculature: heart, arteries, and veins
Circulating blood
Supplies cells throughout the body with oxygen and remove water carbon dioxide
Alveoli
Tiny air sàcs in the lungs that oxygenate the blood. Oxygen diffuses in, carbon dioxide moves out through exhalation
Blood
An atypical connective tissue that circulates throughout the blood vessels of the body.
Composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements: red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.
Function of blood
To transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells and bring waste carbon dioxide from cells to lungs to be expelled.
Also transports nutrients and hormones, related body temperature, protects from pathogens, and forms clots to prevent blood loss.
Hemoglobin
A gas- transporting molecule and protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.
Red bone marrow
Produces red blood cells and platelets.
Blood plasma
Largest component of blood, 90% water.
Plasma carries suspended nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids) from the digestive system to the body.
Also transports electrolytes, components of the immune system, enzymes, and hormones, and maintains homeostasis by releasing heat.
Blood plasma to the kidneys
Blood plasma that enters the kidneys brings waste (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) to be peed out through urination.
Liver
Produces plasma proteins into blood and expelled the blood through the hepatic veins (inside the liver) to the heart for the body.
Erythropoietin and RBC production
Cells in the liver and kidney produce erythropoietin Hormone, which stimulate red blood cell production.
Internal respiration process
Bloodstream delivers oxygen and removed carbon dioxide.
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Component of blood that defends against disease. There are many types that can be categorized as: granulocytes or agranulocytes.
Types include:
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes: B cell, T cell, natural killer cells
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Neutrophils (white blood cell)
Consume bacteria through phagocytosis. 60-70% of all white blood cells are neutrophils.
Lymphocyte (white blood cell)
B cells: produce antibodies.
T cells: target viruses, fungi, cancer cells and transplanted cells.
Natural killer cells: attack and destroy foreign microbes.
Eosinophil (white blood cell)
Destroy parasites and combat effects of histamine.
Basophil (white blood cell)
Controls allergic reactions
Monotype (white blood cell)
Develop into macrophages and remove debris after an infection.
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Release proteins (fibrin threads) to activate coagulation and promote blood clotting.
Heart breakdown
Right side- deoxygenated.
Left side- oxygenated.
Atria (two upper portions)- left and right atrium.
Ventricles (two lower portions)- left and right ventricles.
Four valves: mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve.
Hepatic portal system
Transports blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the liver for detoxification.
Circle of Willis
Arteries in the brain the provide alternate routes in case of blockage
