Circulatory system - Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are blood vessels designed for?

A

Their function.

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of blood vessel?

A
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
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3
Q

What do the arteries do?

A

They carry the blood away from the heart.

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4
Q

What do the capillaries do?

A

They are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues.

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5
Q

What do the veins do?

A

They carry blood to the heart.

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6
Q

How are the artery walls affected by the heart?

A

The heart pumps the blood out at high pressure, making the walls strong and elastic

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7
Q

What is a lumen?

A

The hole down the middle of blood vessels.

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8
Q

What are the artery walls compared to the size of the lumen?

A

Thick

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9
Q

How are the artery walls strong?

A

They contain thick layers of muscle to make them strong.

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10
Q

How are the artery walls elastic?

A

They contain elastic fibres to allow them to stretch and spring back.

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11
Q

What do arteries branch into?

A

Capillaries.

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12
Q

What size are capillaries?

A

Very tiny (too small to see).

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13
Q

How do capillaries exchange substances?

A

They carry blood really close to every cell in the body,

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14
Q

How do substances diffuse in and out of the capillaries?

A

They have permeable walls.

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15
Q

What do capillaries supply and take away?

A

They supply food and oxygen and take away waste like CO2.

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16
Q

How big are capillary walls?

A

Usually only one cell thick (with a very small lumen).

17
Q

What does thin capillary walls increase?

A

The rate of diffusion by decreasing the distance over which it occurs.

18
Q

How are veins formed?

A

Capillaries eventually join up to form veins.

19
Q

Why don’t vein walls need to be as thick as artery walls?

A

Because the blood is carried at a lower pressure in the veins.

20
Q

What do the veins have aiding blood flow?

A

A bigger lumen.

21
Q

What keeps the blood flowing in the right direction in veins?

A

Valves