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Bio 308 Exam 2 > Circulatory System - Blood > Flashcards

Circulatory System - Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Functions include transportation, protection, and regulation

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2
Q

What are the components and general properties of blood?

A

adults have 4-6 L of blood, it is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix

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3
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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4
Q

Platelets

A

cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow

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5
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells (five types)

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6
Q

Granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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7
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

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8
Q

% of hematocrit in blood

A

37-52

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9
Q

% of plasma in blood

A

47-63

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10
Q

% of white blood cells and platelets

A

1%

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11
Q

Plasma

A

yellowish liquid portion of blood

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12
Q

Serum

A

remaining fluid when blood clots and solids are removed, identical to plasma except for the absence of fibrinogen

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13
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen - formed by the lived (except globulins that are produced by plasma cells)

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14
Q

Viscosity

A

resistance of a fluid to flow, resulting from the cohesion of its particles

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15
Q

Osmolarity of blood

A

the total molarity of those dissolved particles that cannot pass through the blood vessel wall

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16
Q

How is blood produced?

A

Hemopoiesis - red bone marrow produces all seven formed elements

17
Q

What are the functions of erythrocytes?

A
  • carry oxygen from lungs to cell tissues
  • pick up CO2 from tissues and bring to lungs
    disc-shaped cell with thick rim (lose nearly all organelles during development)
18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

consists of four protein chains: globins
four heme groups (nonprotein moiety that binds O2 to Fe at its center

19
Q

What is erythrocytes homeostasis?

A

stimuli for increasing erythropoiesis
- low levels O2 (hypoxemia)
- high altitude
- increase in exercise
- loss of lung tissue in emphysema

20
Q

Blood types are based on what?

A

interactions between antigens and antibodies

21
Q

Antigens

A

complex molecules on surface of cell membrane that activate an immune response

22
Q

Agglutinogens

A

antigens on the surface of the RBC that are the basis for blood typing

23
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins (gamma globulins) secreted by plasma cells

24
Q

Aggulutinins

A

antibodies in the plasma that bring about transfusion mismatch

25
Q

What is the function of Leukocytes

A

protection against infectious microorganisms and other pathogens and spend only a few hours in the bloodstream before migrating to connective tissue

26
Q

Facts about lymphocytes

A

Increased numbers in diverse infections and immune responses

27
Q

Facts about monocytes

A

increased numbers in viral infections and inflammation

28
Q

Hemostasis

A

the cessation of bleeding
- stopping potentially fatal leaks

29
Q

Platelets

A

small fragments of megakaryocytes cells
-normal count: 130,000 to 400,000

30
Q

Platelet functions

A

-secrete vasoconstrictors
-stick together to form platelet plugs
-secrete procoagulants or clotting factors
- secrete growth factors

31
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of healthy red blood cells
Three categories:
- inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis
- hemorrhagic anemias from bleeding
-hemolytic anemias from RBC destruction

32
Q

Consequences from anemia

A
  • Tissue hypoxia and necrosis
    -Blood osmolarity is reduced, producing tissue edema
    -Blood viscosity is low
33
Q

Sickle-Cell Disease

A

-Heterozygotes are resistant to malaria
-Gene persists in populations living in malaria prevalent countries

34
Q

Leukocyte Disorders: Leukopenia

A

low WBC - below 5,000

35
Q

Leukocyte Disorders: Leukocytosis

A

High WBC - about 10,000

36
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of hematopoietic tissue usually producing a very high number of circulating leukocytes

Bio 308 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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