Circulatory System

Question 1

3 primary functions of blood

Answer 1

1) transport of nutrients gases, wastes hormones etc
2) defense: delivery of WBCs, inflammation response
3) homeostatic function: temp and regional heterothermy, maintenance of pH, tissue water relations.

Question 2

2 components of blood

Answer 2

1) plasma: dissolved and dispersed ions
2) cells aka formed elements: WBCS, Erythrocyes, thrombocytes

Question 3

___ ___ form the hematocrit

Answer 3

formed elements form the hematocrit (or packed cell volume)

Question 4

primary components of plasma

Answer 4

water, plasma proteins, low molecular weight solutes

Question 5

Difference between hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Answer 5

they are both respiratory pigments that get dissolved in the hemolymph, but Hb uses IRON and Hc uses copper

Question 6

where will you find respiratory pigments

Answer 6

packaged in RBCs

Question 7

purpose of albumin

Answer 7

its a plasma protein that maintains oncotic pressure by promoting water diffusion into blood stream because it acts as a PLASMA COLLOID. it is also involved in fatty acid transport

Question 8

purpose of fibrinogen

Answer 8

its a plasma protein that promotes blood coagulation

Question 9

examples of globulins

Answer 9

1) immunoglobulins
2) other clotting proteins
3) transport proteins

Question 10

role of lipoproteins (plasma proteins)

Answer 10

involved in lipid absorption. Lipids are packaged into chylomicrons d hydrolyzed by the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, allowing the released free fatty acids to be absorbed by the tissues.

Question 11

exampls of “low molecular weight solutes” that make up portions of the plasma

Answer 11

1) nutrients
2) metabolic wastes: CO2, lactic acid, urea
3) N2, O2. but most O2 is bound to Hb
4) electrolytes

Question 12

What are the formed elements of the blood

Answer 12

erythrocytes, white blood cells and platelets

Question 13

what does the disc shape of the red blood cell allow for?

Answer 13

allows them to fit through capillaries and for O2 to properly diffuse to the center of the cell.

Question 14

there are no mitochondria in RBC. how do they obtain the energy needed to function?

Answer 14

they use glycolysis for ATP production.

Question 15

erythocytes are made in ___ ____

Answer 15

hemopoietic tissues.

fish: kidney and spleen

birds and mammals: red bone marrow located in sternum and vertebrae

Question 16

purpose of mammalian spleen and liver

Answer 16

removes old cells and promote the formation of new ones

Question 17

role of eythropoietin. Where does it come from? How can you get more?

Answer 17

its a homrone that regulates erythropoises by recruiting stem cell erythrocyte precursors. It gets released when there is LOW O2 DELIVERY to the kidneys.

EPO release can be induced by increased training and muscle gain, by going to higher altitudes resulting in the need for more RBCs, or by doping (synthetic EPO)