Circulatory system

Question 1

What are the advantages of a closed circulatory system?

Answer 1

• Blood flow is rapid and efficient
• Blood can be directed to area of the body by vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• More efficient exchange of oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Describe an open circulatory system.

Answer 2

• In an open circulatory system has cells directly immersed in blood.
• Blood is not held in blood vessels.
• The heart pumps the blood directly into spaces called haemocoel.

Question 3

What is a single circulatory system?

Answer 3

Blood only passes through the heart once before returning to gas exchange surface.

Question 4

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 4

Blood passes through the heart twice, and two seperate circulations are completed.
- Pulmonary = heart - lungs - heart
- Systemic = heart - body - heart

Question 5

Why do mammals need a double circulatory system?

Answer 5

• Mammals have a high metabolic rate, so cells need a large amount of oxygen glucose for respiration.

Question 6

What are the advantages of a double circulatory system?

Answer 6

• Heart increases the pressure of the blood after the blood leaves the lungs, so it can travel around the body quickly
• More efficent as oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood do not mix
• Better oxygen supply to the heart muscles.

Question 7

Which blood vessel carries blood from the aorta to the head/arms?

Answer 7

Carotid artery

Question 8

Which blood vessel carries blood from the aorta to the liver?

Answer 8

Hepatic artery

Question 9

Which blood vessel carries blood to the gut?

Answer 9

Mesenteric artery

Question 10

Which blood vessel carries blood from the gut to the liver?

(the liver filters blood for poison)

Answer 10

Hepatic portal vein

Question 11

Which blood vessel carries blood from the liver towards the heart?

Answer 11

Hepatic vein

Question 12

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the head and back towards the heart?

Answer 12

Jugular vein

Question 13

Which blood vessels go into and out of the kidneys?

Answer 13

Renal artery carries blood in, Renal vein carries blood out.

Question 14

Which blood vessels go into and out of the reproductive organs?

Answer 14

The genital artery carries blood into the reproductive organs and the genital vein carries blood away from the reproductive organs.

Question 15

Which blood vessel carries blood into and out of the legs and trunk?

Answer 15

Lilac artery carries blood in, lilac vein carries blood away.