Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 12 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The circulatory system’s function and structure

A

Structure: Heart, Blood vessels, blood
Function: Transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 main types of blood vessels

A

Arteries/arterioles: a thick layer of smooth muscle that carries blood away from heart
Veins/venules: a thinner layer of muscle with valves to carry blood back to heart
Capillaries: thin walls to allow exchange of materials…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood

A

Buffers help maintain blood pH at 7.4.
55% plasma, which includes water, proteins, glucose, clotting factors..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plasma

A

contains mostly water (90-92%) with nutrients and wastes and plasma proteins (7-8%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Albumin-blood

A

large plasma protein that transports bilirubin (spleen to liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipoproteins-blood

A

transports cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prothrombin + Fibrinogen

A

aids in blood clotting. Plasmin breaks down fibrin clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Immunoglobulins - blood

A

antibodies produced by B lymphocytes to fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Red Blood Cells- Structure and Function

A

biconcave disc without nuclease-120 day lifespan

transports oxygen (help transport co2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erythrocytes

A

produced in the red bone marrow. 4-6 million RBC’s per mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormonal control of RBC production

A

Kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin, targeting RBM to increase RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood pH maintained by kidneys

A

The kidneys (respiratory system) regulate the acid-base balance of the blood. Urine has a pH of 6 or lower because our diet contains acidic foods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The White Blood cells- Leukocytes

A

Have nuclei, made in bone marrow, fights disease,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The White Blood cells- Agranular leukocytes

A

(monocytes and lymphocytes) have a spherical or kidney-shaped nucleus. Lymphocytes are the smallest WBC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The White Blood cells- Granular Leukocytes

A

(neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) contain enzymes and protein to protect body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Platelets (Thrombocytes) function

A

Red bone marrow produces large cells called megakaryocytes that breakdown into platelets, while the liver makes fibrinogen and prothrombin, two proteins that aid in blood clotting.

17
Q

Capillary Exchange- Arterial end

A

Blood is hypertonic to tissue fluid.
Blood pressure to osmotic pressure (water and nutrients leave capillary)

18
Q

Blood clotting

A

Platelets gather at the injury site and partially block puncture. Platelets and injured tissue release a clotting factor called prothrombin activator.

19
Q

Capillary Exchange- Venous end

A

Osmotic pressure to blood pressure (water and wastes re-enters capillary)

20
Q

Tissue Fluid

A

interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries (lymph). Returned to blood at subclavian veins

21
Q

The Heart

A

Structure: cone-shaped organ between lungs. Heart muscles forms myocardium (cardiac muscle)
Function: Pumps blood through arteries and receives blood through veins

22
Q

Systole and Diastole

A

contraction of heart muscles
is their relaxation

23
Q

SA (Sinoatrial) Node

A

pacemaker, initiates heartbeat and causes atria to contract 0.85 avg

24
Q

lup-dup sound

A

closing of atrioventricular valves (systole), followed by closing of the semilunar valves (diastole)

24
Q

AV (atrioventricular) Node

A

receives stimulus and conveys it through the smaller purkinje fibres

25
Q

Movement of blood in veins

A

veins have low blood pressure, as blood is returned to the heart by contraction of skeletal muscles

26
Q

OSMOREGULATION

A

maintenance of water-salt balance

27
Q

Hormones that control OSMOREGULATION

A

Renin
Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

28
Q

Renin

A

Source: Kidney
Stimulus: Low blood pressure
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Effect: takes adrenal out of cortex, releasing aldosterone

29
Q

Aldosterone

A

Source: Adrenal Cortex
Stimulus: Low blood pressure
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Increases sodium reabsorption

30
Q

ANH

A

Source: Heart atria
Stimulus: High blood volume
Target: Kidneys + Adrenal Cortex
Effect: Low blood volume

31
Q

ADH

A

Source: Hypothalamus
Stimulus: low blood volume
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Reduce urine output

Biology 12 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions