CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards by M.A.Lance Evangelista

Basic divisions of the cardiovascular system

Heart and blood vessels

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A muscular pump consisting two receiving chamber and two pumping chamber

Heart

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Two closed circuits of the blood vessels

Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

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Blood vessels include

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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A 4 chambered hollow muscular organ lying between the lungs in the middle mediastinum

Heart

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What is the shape of the heart and point where is the apex and where is the base

Inverted cone
Apex is pointed downward
Base is pointed upward

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Covering of the heart

Pericardium

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Two types of pericardium

Fibrous and serous pericardium

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Two types of serous pericardium

Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium or epicardium

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Outer covering of the heart

Fibrous pericardium

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Inner covering of the heart

Serous pericardium

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Outer serous pericardium

Parietal pericardium

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It is the pericardium that encloses the heart

Visceral pericardium or epicardium

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Walls of the heart

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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Inner layer of the endothelium

Endocardium

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It is the thickest middle muscular layer for contraction

Myocardium

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External layer the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Epicardium

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Chambers of the heart

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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Valves of the heart

Atrio ventricular valve
Semi lunar valve

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Atrioventricular valve includes

Tricuspid valve
Mitral or bicuspid valve

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Semi lunar valves includes

Aortic valve
Pulmonic valve

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Between right Atria and ventricle

Tricuspid valve

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Between left atria and ventricle

Mitral / bicuspid valve

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It guards the opening of aorta

Aortic valve

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What chamber of the heart is aortic valve found

Left ventricle

It guards the opening of the pulmonary artery

Pulmonic valve

Which chamber of the heart is where pulmonic valve located

Right ventricle

These are structures separating the chambers

SEPTA

Separates the right and left atrium

Interatrial septum

Separates the right and the left ventricles

Interventricular septum

Right border of the heart

Right atrium

It receives Venous blood from superior vena cava inferior vena cava anterior cardiac veins vena cordis Minimae and the coronary sinus

Right atrium

What type of blood does right atrium possess

Non-oxygenated blood

Forming most of the anterior surface of the heart

Right ventricle

Chamber of the heart receiving Venous blood from right atrium and ejecting this the pulmonary arteries

Right ventricle

It is the upper most part of the wall which has no muscular bundles leads into pulmonary arteries

Infundibulum

Irregular muscular radius probably to hold more blood

Trabeculae carnae

Conical in shape with a base attached to the ventricular wall and the apisces receiving the end of chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

Thread like structures connected to the appeases of the papillary muscles and to the cusps of ventricular valves

Chordae tendinae

A muscular band attached to septal wall and to the anterior margin of right ventricle Prevents over this tension of the right ventricle which is only present in the right ventricle

Moderator band or septo marginal band

It is the base of the heart

Left atrium

Quadrilateral in shape wear blood leaves the left atrium by the left atrioventricular orifice or mitral orifice

Left atrium

What type of blood does Left atrium poses

Oxygenated blood

It is the apex of the heart

Left ventricle

Cavity is longer and not a word than the right and the walls are three times thicker than right ventricle

Left ventricle

Right ventricle possesses what type of blood

Non-oxygenated blood

Blood supply of the heart

Coronary artery

Venous drainage of the heart

Coronary sinus

Nerve supply of the heart

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Increase heartbeat and heart rate resulting in higher BP is what type of nerve supply

Sympathetic

Decrease heartbeat and heart rate which lowers blood pressure, what type of nerve supply

Parasympathetic

Impulse conducting system of the heart

Sinu-atrial node Atrio ventricular node Bundle of his Purkinje fibers

Pacemaker of the heart, located at the posterior wall in the groove between the superior vena cava and the right atrium

Sinuatrial node

Located at the lower part of the inter arterial septum

Atrioventricular node

Appeal bundle about the size of a matchstick located at the interventricular septum and divides into a right and left bundle branch

Bundle of his

Lies beneath the endocardium distributed throughout the heart

Purkinje fibers

Heart sounds

S1 - first heart sound closure of the atrioventricular valves S2 - closure of the semi lunar valves S3 - ventricular Gallop S4 - atrial Gallop

Represents atrial de polarization which spreads from the SA node to the contractible fibers in both Atria small upward deflection

P wave

Represents rapid ventricular depolarization as action potential spreads through ventricular contractile fibers

QRS complex

Represents ventricular reporalization occurs just as the ventricles are starting to relax and has dome shape upward deflection

T wave

Carries blood away from the heart

Arteries

Carries blood toward the heart

Veins

Oxygenated except pulmonary artery

Arteries

Deoxygenated except pulmonary vein

Veins

The main arterial trunk of the systemic circulation

Aorta

Aorta is divided into three:

Ascending aorta Arch of aorta Descending or thoracic aorta

Blood supply of the brain

Internal carotid artery Vertebral artery Circle of Willis

Arteries of the upper limbs

Axillary artery Brachial artery Radial artery Ulnar artery

Arteries of the lower limb

Femoral artery -anterior tibial artery -posterior tibial artery

A traveling pressure that goes an alternating expansion and recoil of the elastic arteries

Pulse

Normal beat per minute

70 to 80

Greater than 100 beats per minute

Tachycardia

Below 60-beat per minute

Bradycardia

Common sites of pulses

Superficial temporal artery Facial artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Radial artery Dorsalis pedis Carotid artery

It is the force exerted by the blood pushing against the blood vessels walls that circulated throughout the body

Blood pressure

Highest pressure during systole

Systolic blood pressure

Lowest pressure during diastole

Diastolic blood pressure

Normal BP

120/80 mmHg

It is the drainage system where it returns blood to the right atrium of the heart and through the superior event tomorrow night

Veins

It drains the blood only from the walls of the heart

Coronary sinus

It drains the rest of the body except the lungs

Vena cava

Major Venous drainage

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus Portal vein

Blood from the intestines will pass through this circulation on the way to the liver

Portal circulation