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PHLEBOTOMY 102 > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

It is also referred as CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. It consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

What are the functions of Circulatory System?

A
  • Deliver oxygen & nutrients.
  • Removes wastes products.
  • Helps in the coagulation process.
  • Regulates body temperature.
  • Important in body defenses (WBC’s in the blood).
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3
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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4
Q

Outer layer (connective tissue)

A

Tunica Externa / adventitia

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5
Q

Middle layer (smooth Muscle + Elastic tissue)

A

Tunica Media

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6
Q

Innermost histologic layer (epithelial cells)

A

Tunica Intima

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7
Q

It is large, thick - walled vessels. Generally located deep and has pressure (pulse).

A

Arteries

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8
Q

small; thin vessels that connect arteries to capillaries.

A

Arterioles

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9
Q

It propels oxygen - rich )oxygenated) blood (bright red in color) away from the heart to the capillaries.

A

Arteries

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10
Q

What are the major arteries associated with healthcare?

A
  • Aorta
  • Radial
  • Carotid
  • Brachial
  • Femoral
  • Pulmonary
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11
Q

Largest artery distribute oxygenated blood through the body.

A

Aorta

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12
Q

Thumb side ; pulse rate.

A

Radial

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13
Q

Side of the neck; emergency pulse rate

A

Carotid

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14
Q

Ante – cubital; most common site for BP measurement.

A

Brachial

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15
Q

Groin area; arterial punctures of RT.

A

Femoral

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16
Q

Located in the lungs; the only artery that does not carry oxygenated blood.

A

Pulmonary

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17
Q

It has thinner walls than arteries. More numerous than arteries. Generally superficial; more prominent.

A

Veins

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18
Q

small veins that connect capillaries to large veins.

A

Venules

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19
Q

It carry oxygen - poor (deoxygenated) blood (dark red in color), nutrients and wastes from the capillaries back to the hearty.

A

Veins

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20
Q

What are the commonly used veins for venipuncture?

A
  • Veins of the ante – cubital fossa
    o MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN – first choice
    o CEPHALIC VEIN – second choice
    o BASILIC VEIN – third choice
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21
Q

What are the common veins that are not associated with venipuncture?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Great saphenous
Pulmonary

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22
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the heart.

A

Superior vena cava

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23
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the heart.

A

Inferior vena cava

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24
Q

Principal vein of the leg; longest vein in the body.

A

Great saphenous

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25
Q

Only vein carrying oxygenated blood.

A

Pulmonary

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26
Q

The smallest blood vessels. It is composed only of single layer of epithelial cells. It is composed of a mixture of venous and arterial blood (arterial blood is higher)

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

What is the function of Capillaries?

A

Exchange sites for gas exchange; nutrients and wastes product turn – over.

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28
Q

Illustration of circulation of blood

A

Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena Cava

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29
Q

Briefly explain the circulation of blood

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood toward the heart. The capillaries are exchange vessels located between the arterial and venous systems.

30
Q

Its size is about that of a person’s clenched fist.

31
Q

A thin, fluid - filled sac that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

32
Q

Hollow muscular organ that has four chambers and is surrounded by a thin, fluid – filled sac called pericardium

33
Q

How many is the chambers of the heart?

A
  • Four in number
    o Two atria and
    o Two ventricles
34
Q

It is the receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atria / atrium

35
Q

It is upper two chambers of the heart

A

Left atrium and right atrium

36
Q

Discharging or pumping chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

37
Q

The lower two chambers of the heart

A

left ventricle and right ventricle

38
Q

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

A

Right Atrium

39
Q

Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery.

A

Right Ventricle

40
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle.

A

Left Atrium

41
Q

Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.

A

Left Ventricle

42
Q

The pump for the pulmonary circulation. Carries blood from heart to lungs. Blood is O2 poor, CO2 rich.

A

Pulmonary circuit

43
Q

What is the function of pulmonary circuit?

A

to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart.

44
Q

The pump for systemic circulation. Carries blood from heart to body tissues. Blood is O2 rich, CO2 poor.

A

Systemic Circuit

45
Q

What is the function of systemic circuit?

A

supplies oxygen and nutrient – rich blood to all body organs.

46
Q

Flap – like structures that ensure one – way flow of blood

A

Heart Valves

47
Q

How many is heart valves in our body?

A

Four in number
o Two atrioventricular valves
o Two semilunar valves

48
Q

They are located between the atria and the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular Valves

49
Q

It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

A

Mitral Valve or Bicuspid Valve

50
Q

What is the function of mitral valve or bicuspid valve?

A

Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

51
Q

It is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid Valve

52
Q

What is the function of tricuspid valve?

A

Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

53
Q

Are flaps of endocardium and connective tissue reinforced by fibers which prevent the valves from turning inside out. They are shaped like a half moon.

A

Semilunar Valves

54
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

Semilunar Valves are located between the aorta and the left ventricle and between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle.

55
Q

It is located between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

Aortic Semilunar Valve

56
Q

What is the function of Aortic Semilunar Valve?

A

Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

57
Q

It is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

58
Q

What is the function of Pulmonary semilunar valve?

A

Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

59
Q

The repetitive pumping process that begins with the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends with the beginning of the next contraction.

A

Cardiac Cycle

60
Q

The contraction phase (systole) and the relaxation phase (diastole) of the cardiac muscle that occurs in one heartbeat.

A

Cardiac Cycle

61
Q

located in the upper RA and is the pacemaker of the heart, initiates the heartbeat.

62
Q

located in lower interatrial septum, receives the electrical impulse and both the right and left atria contract forcing blood into the ventricles.

63
Q

What are the steps in cardiac cycle?

A
  1. The SA node, located in the upper RA and is the pacemaker of the heart, initiates the heartbeat.
  2. The AV node, located in lower interatrial septum, receives the electrical impulse and both the right and left atria contract forcing blood into the ventricles.
  3. The impulse passes to the AV bundle and separates into right and left bundle branches.
  4. The impulse travels into the purkinje fibers covering the ventricles, causing them to contract, forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
  5. The cycle starts again.
64
Q

Record of electrical events within the heart. Can be used to detect abnormal heart rates or rhythms, abnormal conduction pathways, hypertrophy or atrophy of the heart, and the approximate location of damaged cardiac muscle.

A

Electrocardiogram

65
Q

Uses electrodes that are placed on the body surface and attached to a recording device can detect the small electrical changes resulting from the action potentials in all of the cardiac muscle cells.

A

Electrocardiogram

66
Q

Normal ECG contains what?

A

Normal ECG contains P WAVE (atrial depolarization), a QRS COMPLEX (ventricular depolarization), and a T WAVE (ventricular repolarization).

67
Q

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during contraction and relaxation of the ventricles.

A

Blood Pressure

68
Q

Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction.

A

Systolic Pressure

69
Q

Pressure indicated when the ventricles are relaxing.

A

Diastolic Pressure

70
Q

What is the average blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

71
Q

What are the equipment used in blood pressure

A

SPHYGMOMANOMETER
o Blood pressure cuff
o Meter
o Rubber bulb
STETHOSCOPE
o Amplifies sounds

PHLEBOTOMY 102 (2 decks)

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