Circulatory And Immunity System Flashcards
What is Cardiac Muscle?
Cardiac muscle is the muscle tissue of the heart.
What is the Pulmonary Pathway?
The pathway that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
What is the Systemic Pathway?
The pathway that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What is the Coronary Pathway?
The pathway that supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.
What is an Electrocardiograph (ECG)?
A device used to record the electrical activity of the heart.
What does the P Wave represent?
The P Wave represents atrial depolarization.
What does the QRS Wave represent?
The QRS Wave represents ventricular depolarization.
What does the T Wave represent?
The T Wave represents ventricular repolarization.
What is the Lub Sound?
The sound produced by the closure of the atrioventricular valves.
What is the Dub Sound?
The sound produced by the closure of the semilunar valves.
What is a Stethoscope?
A medical instrument used to listen to internal body sounds.
What is Blood Pressure?
The force of blood against the walls of the arteries.
What is Systolic Pressure?
The pressure in the arteries during heartbeats.
What is Diastolic Pressure?
The pressure in the arteries between heartbeats.
What is a Sphygmomanometer?
An instrument used to measure blood pressure.
What is Cardiac Output?
The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
What is Stroke Volume?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.
What is Heart Rate?
The number of heartbeats per minute.
What is Angioplasty?
A procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels.
What is Coronary Bypass?
A surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to the heart.
What is Plasma?
The liquid component of blood that carries cells and proteins.
What is an Erythrocyte?
A red blood cell that carries oxygen.
What is Hemoglobin?
The protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.
What is a Leukocyte?
A white blood cell that is part of the immune system.
What is a Granulocyte?
A type of white blood cell with granules in its cytoplasm.
What is a Monocyte?
A type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages.
What is a Neutrophil?
A type of granulocyte that fights infection.
What is a Basophil?
A type of granulocyte involved in allergic reactions.
What is an Eosinophil?
A type of granulocyte that fights parasites and is involved in allergies.
What is a Macrophage?
A large white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris.
What is a Lymphocyte?
A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
What is a Platelet?
A cell fragment involved in blood clotting.
What is Thromboplastin?
A substance that initiates blood clotting.
What is Prothrombin?
A protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting.
What is Thrombin?
An enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
What is Fibrinogen?
A soluble protein that is converted into fibrin during clotting.
What is Fibrin?
An insoluble protein that forms the mesh of a blood clot.
What are Arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What are Arterioles?
Small blood vessels that lead from arteries to capillaries.
What are Veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
What are Venules?
Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries.
What are Capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels where exchange of substances occurs.
What is the Septum?
The wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart.
What are Atrioventricular Valves?
Valves that separate the atria from the ventricles.
What is the Tricuspid Valve?
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
What is the Bicuspid/Mitral Valve?
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What are Semilunar Valves?
Valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries.
What is the Pulmonary Valve?
The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
What is the Aortic Valve?
The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.
What are the Right & Left Atrium?
The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.
What are the Superior & Inferior Vena Cava?
Veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
What are the Right & Left Ventricles?
The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out.
What are the Pulmonary Artery & Vein?
The vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs.
What is the Aorta/Aortic Arch?
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart.
What is the Coronary Artery?
The artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle.
What are Chordae Tendineae?
Tendons that connect the heart valves to the heart muscle.
What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node?
The natural pacemaker of the heart.
What is the Atrioventricular (AV) Node?
A node that transmits electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.
What is the Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle / Bundle of His?
A pathway that conducts impulses to the ventricles.
What are Purkinje Fibres?
Fibres that distribute electrical impulses throughout the ventricles.
What is Hypotension?
Abnormally low blood pressure.
What is Hypertension?
Abnormally high blood pressure.
What is Arteriosclerosis?
The thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.
What is Atherosclerosis?
A condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries.
What is Angina?
Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
What is Anemia?
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
What is Hemophilia?
A genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots.
What is Myeloid leukemia?
A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.
What is Lymphoid leukemia?
A cancer of the lymphatic system.
What is Sickle cell anemia?
A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen.
What is Carbon monoxide poisoning?
A condition caused by inhaling carbon monoxide, which prevents oxygen transport.
What is Altitude sickness?
A condition that occurs when you cannot get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes.
