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Bio20- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

Eating or drinking.

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2
Q

Mechanical vs chemical digestion

A

Mechanical breaks food down physically (chewing), chemical uses enzymes to break it down.

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3
Q

Absorption

A

Nutrients from food enter the blood.

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4
Q

Egestion

A

Removing waste (poop).

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5
Q

Bolus

A

A chewed-up ball of food.

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6
Q

Saliva

A

Liquid in the mouth that starts digestion.

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7
Q

Peristalsis/reverse peristalsis

A

Muscle movements that push food through the digestive system (reverse = vomiting).

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8
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Stomach acid that helps break down food.

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9
Q

Chyme

A

Liquid food in the stomach after digestion.

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10
Q

Gastric Juice

A

Stomach secretions that help digestion.

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11
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine.

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12
Q

Bile

A

Breaks down fats; made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder.

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13
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste (poop).

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14
Q

Flatus

A

Gas (fart).

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15
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

A doctor specializing in digestion.

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16
Q

Endoscopy

A

A tube with a camera used to look inside the digestive tract.

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17
Q

Colonscopy

A

A camera test for the large intestine.

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18
Q

Ulcer

A

A sore in the stomach or intestine.
Cause by a bacteria called helicobactor pylori

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19
Q

Helicobactor pylori

A

Bacteria that cause stomach ulcers

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20
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract.

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21
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon.

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22
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Cancer of the colon or rectum.

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23
Q

Dysentery

A

Severe diarrhea with blood.

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24
Q

Cholera

A

A disease causing severe diarrhea.

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25
Q

Giardia

A

A parasite that causes diarrhea.

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26
Q

Hepatitis

A

Liver inflammation (caused by viruses, alcohol, etc.).

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27
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver damage from long-term disease or alcohol use.

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28
Q

Gallstones

A

Hard deposits in the gallbladder.
(Sometimes cholesterol can precipitate out of the bile and form crystals. These can continue to grow in size and become gallstones)

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29
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder with extreme weight loss.

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30
Q

Obesity

A

Being very overweight.

31
Q

Gi Tract

A

The path food takes from mouth to anus.

32
Q

Oral Cavity

A

The mouth.

33
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat; connects mouth and esophagus.

34
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that prevents food from entering the airway.

35
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube that moves food to the stomach.

36
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Muscle at the stomach entrance that prevents acid from going up.

37
Q

Stomach

A

Organ that digests food with acid and enzymes.

38
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the stomach that help expansion.

39
Q

Parietal cells

A

Stomach cells that make acid.

40
Q

Peptic/ Chief Cells

A

Stomach cells that make digestive enzymes.

41
Q

Mucous Cells

A

Cells that make mucus to protect the stomach.

42
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Muscle that controls food leaving the stomach.

43
Q

Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

A

Absorbs nutrients; has three parts (duodenum, jejunum, ileum).

44
Q

Liver

A

Makes bile and cleans toxins.

45
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores bile.

46
Q

Bile duct

A

Carries bile to the small intestine.

47
Q

Villi/Microvilli

A

Tiny structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients.

48
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

Absorbs water and forms poop.

49
Q

Caecum

A

A pouch at the start of the large intestine.

50
Q

Appendix

A

A small tube attached to the caecum; has no major function.

51
Q

Rectum

A

Stores poop before it leaves the body.

52
Q

Anal Canal

A

The last part of the digestive tract where poop exits.

53
Q

Anal sphincter (outer and inner)

A

Muscles that control when you poop.

54
Q

Anus

A

The opening where poop leaves the body.

55
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Breaks down starch in the mouth.

56
Q

Proteases

A

Enzymes that break down proteins.

57
Q

Pepsinogen/ pepsin

A

Pepsinogen turns into pepsin, which digests proteins in the stomach.

58
Q

Trypsinogen/ Trypsin

A

Trypsinogen becomes trypsin, which helps digest proteins in the small intestine.

59
Q

Chymotrypsinogen / Chymostrypsin

A

Helps break down proteins in the small intestine.

60
Q

Erepsin

A

Breaks down protein fragments into amino acids.

61
Q

Enterokinase

A

Activates trypsinogen to turn into trypsin.

62
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

Breaks down starch into sugar in the small intestine.

63
Q

Lipases

A

Break down fats into fatty acids.

64
Q

Nucleuses

A

Break down DNA and RNA.

65
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Break down carbohydrates into simple sugars.

66
Q

Sucrase

A

Breaks down sucrose (table sugar).

67
Q

Maltase

A

Breaks down maltose (a type of sugar).

68
Q

Lactase

A

Breaks down lactose (milk sugar).

69
Q

Nucleosidases

A

Help break down nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

70
Q

Gastrin

A

Tells the stomach to release acid.

71
Q

Secretin

A

Tells the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acid.

72
Q

CCK (Cholechystokinin)

A

Stimulates bile release to break down fats.

73
Q

GIP (Gastric inhibitory Peptide)

A

Slows down digestion to control food movement.

Bio 20 (5 decks)

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