Circulatory

Question 1

What 3 things does the circulatory system consist of?

Answer 1

Heart, Blood and Blood vessels

Question 2

The circulatory is a CLOSED system, can you think of a time when it is not closed?

Answer 2

Fetuses have an open circulatory system which circulates through mom.

Question 3

what two layers does blood separate into when spun?

Answer 3

Plasma and Formed elements (cells - RBC and WBC)

Question 4

List 3 functions of the Plasma.

Answer 4

1. Maintains Pressure
2. Medium of transportation
3. Distributes heat
   also: maintains normal BP, forms blood clots and thickens blood

Question 5

True or false: Platelets have a nucleus

Answer 5

False, they do not have nuclei

Question 6

Where are platelets found?

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

What is the processes of making a meshwork to form clots?

Answer 7

Prothrombin triggers the production of Thrombin, and Fibrinogen makes Fibrin which makes the clot

Question 8

What shape is a red blood cell?

Answer 8

Bioconcave

Question 9

How long does a red blood cell survive?

Answer 9

90-120 days

Question 10

What big gaseous exchange does the RBC do?

Answer 10

The O2 and CO2 exchange

Question 11

Do males or females have a higher hematocrit?

Answer 11

Males

Question 12

What Cell contains the Iron which binds to Oxygen?

Answer 12

Red Blood cells

Question 13

What is another name for Leukocytes (WBC)?

Answer 13

Phagocytes

Question 14

What is Hematocrit?

Answer 14

The proportion of cells in blood (to plasma) and indicates the viscosity of blood

Question 15

True or False: All blood cells originate from the bone marrow

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is Hematopoiesis?

Answer 16

The formation of Blood cells

Question 17

These cells begin undifferentiated and then split into Myeloid or Lymphoid. What kind of cell are they?

Answer 17

Stem cells

Question 18

What do Myeloid Stem Cells evolve into?

Answer 18

Red or White Blood Cells

Question 19

What do Lymphoid Stem cells become?

Answer 19

Lymphocytes (T and B)

Question 20

What is it on a Red blood cell which carries the oxygen?

Answer 20

Hemoglobin

Question 21

What chemical on the hemoglobin allows for the binding of oxygen?

Answer 21

Iron

Question 22

True or false: Each hemoglobin has 4 heme groups.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

How many Iron ions do each heme group contain in oxygen binding?

Answer 23

1, 1 Iron Ion

Ah ah ah ah

Question 24

How many Oxygen molecules can bind to an Iron ion?

Answer 24

1, 1 oxygen molecule

ah ah ah ah

Question 25

How many oxygen molecules is a hemoglobin capable of binding to?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

How many hemoglobin are there per RBC?

Answer 26

250 million, 250 million Hemoglobin

ah ah ah ah

Question 27

True or false: The red color of blood cells is due to the large amount of oxygen attached to each cell.

Answer 27

False - it is due to Iron

Question 28

Oxyhemoglobin is a fancy word for what state of a Red Blood Cell?

Answer 28

Oxygenated Hemoglobin

Question 29

Deoxyhemoglobin is dark or bluish-red in color, why is this so?

Answer 29

It doesn’t have oxygen attached to it anymore

Question 30

What is it called when the red blood cell ruptures and releases its contents into the surrounding fluids?

Answer 30

Hemolize

Question 31

While some of the Iron is lost in bile, where does the rest of it go after the RBC ruptures?

Answer 31

Some is recycled to produce new hemoglobin and the rest is stored

Question 32

True or False: Thrombocytes are Cells.

Answer 32

False: they are very small, irregular, non nucleated fragments

Question 33

What are the three steps of Hemostasis?

Answer 33

1. Immediate response is Vasoconstriction to decrease blood flow
2. Thrombocytes adhere to underlying tissue at site of injury. If vessel is small, form a platelet plug in vessel
3. Blood-clotting/Coagulation mechanism is required for larger vessels

Question 34

What turns into Fibrin?

Answer 34

Fibrinigin

Question 35

What is the difference between primary and secondary hemostasis?

Answer 35

Primary: constriction of damaged blood vessel and formation of platelet plug
Secondary: Coagulation factors present in blood interact and create a fibrin meshwork

Question 36

What is an intrinsic pathway?

Answer 36

All components of blood clotting are present in the blood

Question 37

What is an Extrinsic pathway?

Answer 37

All components are present outside of the blood (tissue factor)

Question 38

True or false: Either intrinsic or Extrinsic pathways are required for coagulation.

Answer 38

False, both are necessary

Question 39

What organ is primarily responsible for producing circulating clotting factors?

Answer 39

Liver