Circulation, Respiration

Question 1

annulus fibrous

Answer 1

tissue septerating atria from ventricles, anchoring points for valves

Question 2

ateriole

Answer 2

muscular vessel connecting arteries and capillaries

Question 3

basal myogenic tone

Answer 3

muscles contract in response to an increased blood pressure

Question 4

capacitance vessels

Answer 4

=veins because of large volume

Question 5

carotid sinus

Answer 5

expansion of the internal carotid artery containing many baroreceptors

Question 6

compensatory pause

Answer 6

larger pause between heart beats following an extra systole

Question 7

edema

Answer 7

accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Question 8

depressor area

Answer 8

collection of neurons, in the medulla decreasing blood pressure and excitation of the vagal efferents going to the heart

Question 9

embolism

Answer 9

blockade of a vessel by an air bubble or blood clotting

Question 10

equilibrium

Answer 10

low energy state

Question 11

fibrillation

Answer 11

ansynchronous disorganized contraction of individual heart muscle fibers

Question 12

filtration

Answer 12

movement through membrane because of pressure differences

Question 13

isometric contraction

Answer 13

contraction of the ventricles while valves are closed and volume is constant

Question 14

isometric relaxation

Answer 14

relaxation of the ventricles while valves are closed and volume is constant

Question 15

maximal ejection

Answer 15

part of the heart cycle following the opening of the semilunar valves during systole

Question 16

metarteriole

Answer 16

vessel connecting arterioles and venules, originating of capillaries

Question 17

mitral valve

Answer 17

between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 18

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Answer 18

ACH receptor at which muscarine mimics the effect of acetylcholine

Question 19

postganglionic neuros

Answer 19

automatic neuron located in the peripheral ganglion

Question 20

precapillary sphincter

Answer 20

muscular ring at the origin of capillaries regulating blood flow

Question 21

preganglionic neuron

Answer 21

automatic neuron in the CNS

Question 22

pressor area

Answer 22

in the medulla, excitation increases heart rate, constrict vessels => increase of blood pressure

Question 23

pulse volume

Answer 23

blood pumped during systole

Question 24

saturation

Answer 24

The state of being fully saturated,eg by increase in concentration of molecule (e.g agonist), often given in %

Question 25

scalar electrocardiogramm

Answer 25

projection of the electrical vector of the heart onto a line connecting two electrodes

Question 26

semilunar valve

Answer 26

aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 27

tricuspid valve

Answer 27

between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 28

Starling hypothesis

Answer 28

elpains the absorption and production of interstitial fluid

Question 29

venule

Answer 29

small vessel connecting the capillaries to the veins

Question 30

apnea

Answer 30

absence of breathing

Question 31

bronchile

Answer 31

part of the airways containing no catilage

Question 32

dyspnea

Answer 32

difficult breathing

Question 33

eupnea

Answer 33

normal breathing

Question 34

functional residual capacity

Answer 34

air remaining in the lungs at the ed of a normal expiration

Question 35

hyperpnea

Answer 35

hyperventilation

Question 36

pheumothorax

Answer 36

collapse of the lungs

Question 37

polypnea

Answer 37

rapid breathing

Question 38

resistence vessel

Answer 38

arteriole

Question 39

surfacant

Answer 39

active agent lining the inner surface of an arteriole, decreasing surface tension

Question 40

trachea

Answer 40

respiratory passageway connecting pharynx and bronchi

Question 41

ventilation

Answer 41

air exchange between lungs and air