Circulation - Pulmonary & Systemic

Question 1

What is the direction of blood flow (through atria & ventricles)?

Answer 1

Body -> Right Atrium -> Right ventricle -> lungs -> Left Ventricles -> Left Atrium -> Body

Question 2

What is the aorta?

Answer 2

Main artery that carries blood away from heart to body, through aortic valve.

Question 3

Describe the three layers of arteries.

Answer 3

Tunica Intima (internal layer): endothelial and connective tissue layer
Tunica Media (middle layer): largely smooth muscle, some have high levels of elastin
Tunica Adventitia (outer layer): supporting connective tissue, larger arteries have their own blood vessels in this layer

Question 4

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 4

Transportation of deoxygenated blood from body, through right side of heart to the lungs.

Question 5

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 5

Transportation of oxygenated blood from lungs through left side of heart to the body.

Question 6

What is the Mediastinum?

Answer 6

Where the heart is located, within the thoracic cavity.

divided into inferior & superior by invisible horizontal plate between T4 & T5 invertebrate. Further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum.

Question 7

what is Pericardium?

Answer 7

three layers of membrane covering heart

Question 8

Describe three layers of pericardium.

Answer 8

Fibrous (outer layer): Tough, fibrous, thick

Serous: two layers - parietal, visceral: thin, space between two contains layer of pericardial fluid.

Question 9

Describe internal features of right atrium.

Answer 9

Muscles known as musculi pectinati.

Slight depression known as fossa ovalis.

Question 10

List typical features of ventricles.

Answer 10

Atrioventricular valve (AV)
Chordae Tendinae
Papillary muscle
Trabeculae carneae

Question 11

Describe valves in the heart.

Answer 11

Valves between atria and ventricles known as atrioventricular valves.
Valves in great vessels known as semilunar valves.
2 type of each valve.

Question 12

Describe atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Answer 12

Atrioventricular valves:

• Left: Bicuspid
• Right: Tricuspid

Semilunar valves:

• Blood leaving left ventricle: Aortic
• Blood leaving right ventricle: Pulomnary

Question 12

Describe atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Answer 12

Atrioventricular valves:

• Left: Bicuspid
• Right: Tricuspid

Semilunar valves:

• Blood leaving left ventricle: Aortic
• Blood leaving right ventricle: Pulomnary