Circulation-Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 types of arteries and how do they differ?
What about a vein?
Elastic arteries close to the heart, lots of elastic in the tunica media, being able to absorb energy during systole and exert that energy into the lumen during diastole.
Muscular artery: example is the femoral artery. Small elastic fibres and collagen between the smooth muscle. Both have smooth muscle but the elastic artery has less.
Vein has a much thinner wall. Various layers have different ratios of thickness. Thickest is the adventitia compared to the media and intima.
How do varicose veins occur?
In a histology, how do you know if a structure is a lymph channel?
No RBC’s in the lumen plus it is very very thin.
How do you know if a muscle fibre is cardiac when looking at a histology slide?
Centrally located nuclei.
What type of capillary is this and how do you know?
It is a fenestrated capillary (fenestrations shown at 1).
Fenestrated capillary allows free exchange to the underlying tissue.
In the capillary above there is exchange between the tight junctions or through the wall of the capillary.
What structures do capillaries have to allow for diffusion?
How do fenestrated capillaries compare to sinusoidal capillaries?
Need to be aware of strucutral differences in a capillary wall.
Diffusion can occur with gasses.
Physical active transport via vesicles.
Between the intercelular cleft depending on the amount of tight junctions.
No matter how exchange occurs it must pass through the basal lamina also which acts like a layer of filter paper that things still must pass through.
In fenistrated capillaries there is a physical opeining (diffusion through pore) however there is still that basal lamina which must be passed through.
Sinusoidal capillaries are like fenestrated capillaries which allow free exchange between and they have gaps in the basement membrane ALSO. So even more leaky. These are found in the liver. Their fenestrations are also a lot larger.
What is percutaneous coronary intervention?
Balloon catheter. Stent strut separate, and opens up the vessels.
If you needed to get access to the right side of the heart, what vessel would you use to get access?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.
You can use the subclavian vein or even the internal jugular vein but you are at risk of piercing other structures such as the lung or subclavian artery.
Could also use the great saphenous vein.
What are all these arteries?
What does right vs left dominance mean?
Left coronary artery (which has a 1cm stem) giving off the left anterior descending (red) and the left circumflex (green) coronary artery running in the left coronary grove. It comes off the left cusp of the aortic valve.
Right coronary artery in blue.
The anterior interventricular septum is supplied by the LAD. However, the posterior interventricular septum is sometimes supplied by the RCA or the left circumflex. The posterior descending artery (PDA) is a branch of the RCA in 80% of people, this is what we call right dominance. The posterior descending artery (PDA) can also come off the left circumflex, this is called a left dominant heart.
