Cardiovascular System: Model Introduction

Question 1

What is positive remodeling?

Answer 1

Expansion of the vessel in order to try and compensate for a decrease in the size of the lumen. This can lead to problems such as aneurysms.

Question 2

MABP = _______ x ________.

CO = ______ x _______.

Answer 2

CO x TPR.

SV x HR.

Question 3

What are the immediate, intermediate and long term ways that the body will regain volume after haemorrhage?

Answer 3

Immediate: barroreceptor reflex.

Intermediate: Fluid shift from the tissues to the capillaries.

Long term: Replacement of fluid and red cells.

Question 4

Explain the baroreceptor reflex (from haemorrhage to increase in blood pressure).

Answer 4

Increases the cardiac output and total peripheral resistance to increase the blood pressure.

Question 5

Explain autotransfusion and how it will help during haemorrhage.

Answer 5

The decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure will cause an increase in absorption from the interstitial fluid.

Question 6

Explain the long term ‘volume replacement’ strategy after haemorrhage.

Answer 6

• Anti-diuretic hormone release: retain water.
• Reduced renal perfusion ►RAA (renin aldosterone angiotensin system) activation: retention of Na/H2O.
• Thirst.