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Cardiovascular > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is microcirculation

A

No arteries or veins

arterioles, capillaries, venules

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2
Q

What is calculation for flow rate?

A

Pressure gradient / resistance

Blood flow rate = Volume of blood passing through a vessel per unit time

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3
Q

What is the aim of cardiovascular system

A

Adequate blood flow

through the capillaries

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4
Q

What is resistance?

A

Hindrance to blood flow due to friction between moving fluid and stationary vascular walls’

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5
Q

What happens to the pressure gradient , resistance, flow when:

Blood pressure increase?

Arteriolar vasoconstriction?

A

BP : Increases pressure gradient, increase flow, no change do resistance

AV : no pressure change, resistance increases, flow decreases

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6
Q

Darcys law?

A

Fluid circuit ( another name for it )

Flow rate = Pressure gradient / resistance

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7
Q

Flow to organ calculation?

A

F (organ) = Pressure/R organ

  • Without this pressure difference blood would not reach tissue capillary beds
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8
Q

During contraction what happens to radius, resistance, flow?

A

Radius decreases
resistance increases
Flow decreases

= vasoconstriction

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9
Q

During relaxation what happens to radius, resistance, flow?

A

Radius increases
Resistance decreases
Flow increases

= vasodilation

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10
Q

What are the two functions of arterioles?

A

Match blood flow to the metabolic needs of specific tissues (depending on body’s momentary needs) :

Regulated by local (intrinsic) controls and independent of nervous or endocrine stimulation

and

Help regulate systemic arterial blood pressure:

Regulated by extrinsic controls which travel via nerves or blood and are usually centrally coordinated

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11
Q

What is hyperaemia?

A

Increase of metabolites and oxygen usage leads to vasodilation of arterials so blood flow can meet needs

= increase in blood

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12
Q

What is myogenic autoregulation?

A

Regulation due to temp in this case

Decreased blood temperature causes increased stretch due to higher blood pressure

= vasoconstriction of arterioles

= arteries vasoconstrict to increase temp

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13
Q

How do the following create an equation for flow across the whole circulation?

Cardiac output
Blood pressure
total peripheral resistance

A

Blood pressure = cardiac output x TPT

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14
Q

Where in the CVS is the greatest drop in pressure?

A

From one end of an arteriole to the other

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15
Q

What is the Neural pathway utilising arterioles for vasoconstriction ?

A

CVS control in medulla = vasoconstriction

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16
Q

What ia the hormonal pathway utilising arterioles for vasoconstriction ?

A

ADH from pituitary

Angiotensin II

Adrenaline/NA

all lead to vasoconstriction

17
Q

What is the purpose of capillary exchange?

A

delivery of metabolic substrates to the cells of the organism [which is the ultimate function of the CVS]

  • 7uM lumen
    1uM cell wdith
18
Q

Why is capillary density important?

A

Specially designed to:
Minimise the diffusion distance

  • Maximise the surface area and time for diffusion
  • Highly metabolically active tissues have denser capillary networks
19
Q

What capillary capacity do the following have:

Skeletal muscle?

Myocardium brain?

Lung?

A

100cm2/g

500cm2/g

3500cm2/g

20
Q

What type of continous vessel do capillaries have?

A

H20 filled gap junction, wit continuous cells

and

Fenestrated : 80nm

21
Q

What law do capillaries link to?

A

Fick’s law:

Ideally suited to enhance diffusion

22
Q

What is capillary bulk flow?

A

A volume of protein-free plasma filters out of the capillary, mixes with the surrounding interstitial fluid (IF) and is reabsorbed

( due to the hydrostatic and oncotic flow )

23
Q

What is starling’s hypothesis regarding capillary pressures?

A

Capillary pressure determines transudation, and the osmotic pressure of the proteins of the serum determines absorption

24
Q

What leads to capillary ultrafiltration?

A

Pressure inside greater than Interstitial fluid

25
Q

What leads to capillary reabsorption?

A

Inward driving pressure greater than outward pressure

26
Q

Characteristics of the lymphatic system?

A
  • No pump to induce flow
  • Drainage into right lymphatic duct - thoracic duct
  • Right and left subclavian veins
  • 3 L per veins
27
Q

What happens in rate of lymphatic production exceeds rate of drainage?

A

Oedema can form

( another issue is Parasitic blockage of lymph nodes )

Both can cause Elphantiasis

Cardiovascular (7 decks)

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