Circulation

Question 1

Features of the Galen System

Answer 1

1. Arteries and veins separate
2. Veins from liver
3. Ventricles interchange aterial and venous blood

Question 2

The heart is a pump because

Answer 2

Cardiac myocyte beat spontaneously + maintains pressure

Question 3

Function of atria

Answer 3

Receive blood from lungs/tissue

Question 4

The system is ____ but commit to other systems in ____

Answer 4

series, parallel

Question 5

Arterioles

Answer 5

Muscular walls, regulate local tissue flow

Question 6

Microcirculation

Answer 6

Exchange between blood and intestinal fluid

Question 7

Venules + veins

Answer 7

Carry blood back to heart act as a reservoir with 64% of blood

Question 8

How does size and structure relate to function of vessel walls?

Answer 8

1. Thickness = speed
2. Muscle content needed to regulate flow -> largest muscle content in small vessels
3. Content of elastic fibres - aorta highest

Question 9

Capillary system ensures

Answer 9

Microcirculation to transport blood into intestinal tissue

Question 10

In circulation mechanical potential is expressed by

Answer 10

Pressure differences

Question 11

Cardiac ouput

Answer 11

Amount of blood that leaves the heart/ flows through vessels

Question 12

Velocity

Answer 12

Amount of blood flowing through per unit of cross sectional area

Question 13

R =

Answer 13

( density x diameter x velocity )/ viscosity

Question 14

In laminar flow, particles in blood run _____ to each other for _____

Answer 14

parallel, maximum speed of propagation

Question 15

Viscocity is a determinant for ______

Answer 15

Velocity

Question 16

Erthocyte volume decreases with _____ and increases with _____

Answer 16

anaemia, polycythemia

Question 17

Highest pressure drop in

Answer 17

arterioles

Question 18

Large arterial pressure tells us

Answer 18

Pressure gradient of whole system

Question 19

Pm =

Answer 19

(2 x Pdia + Psys) / 3

Question 20

Ohm’s law in b.p. depends on

Answer 20

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Question 21

Pressure gives an indication of

Answer 21

Mean pressure -> tissue pressure

Question 22

When arterial pressure higher than systolic pressure

Answer 22

Kurotkoff sounds

Question 23

When arterial pressure lower than diastolic pressure

Answer 23

Flow becomes continuous

Question 24

Poiseuille’s Law

Answer 24

Q = K deltaPr-t / (nL) -> sum of blood flow determinants

Question 25

deltaP =

Answer 25

Q x R (total peripheral resistance)

Question 26

If you combine Poiseulle’s law + Ohm’s law you get

Answer 26

the reciprocal of resistance

Question 27

Filtrated fluid =

Answer 27

Reabsorbed fluid + lympth tissue

Question 28

High hydrostatic pressure / low oncotic pressure =

Answer 28

edema