Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHOL1002 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Layout

- pathways, capillary beds, system

A
  1. RV -> Pulmonary artery -> lungs (deoxy)
  2. LV -> aorta -> tissue (oxy)
  3. Capillary beds arranged mainly in parallel
  4. Portal system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hepatic system as an example

A
  1. Each capillary bed receives arterial blood from LV

2. Flow to different capillary beds altered selectively, determined by resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cross-sectional area is greatest at

A

Capillary level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do arteries respond to pressure?

A

Dampen pressure variations by pulsatile action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Largest proportional pressure drop in

A

Arterioles -> max resistance to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MABP =

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 Pulse pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PP =

A

(systolic - diastolic) pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1kpa = X mmHg = Y cmH2O

A

7.5, 10.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Q =

A

V x a ( velocity x cross-sec area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systemic pressure =

A

deltaP = MABP - Right arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulmonary pressure

A

deltaP = MpABP - LAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resistance =

A

delta P/ Q (flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Poiseuile’s Law

A

Q = deltaP / R = deltaPxpix r* / 8nl

where n = viscosity and l = length of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nrel1 =

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nrel3 =

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ht of plasma

A

nrel = 1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors which affect viscosity

A
  1. Ht
  2. Hypoxia - main factor
  3. Sickle cell
18
Q

P wave represents

A

Atrial dep.

19
Q

QRS complex represents

A

Vein dep.

20
Q

T wave represents

A

Vein rep.

21
Q

ECG timings

A
  1. P-R: 0.12-0.2 s
  2. QRS: 0.08s
  3. QT: 0.25-0.4s
22
Q

Why does ST have no net flow?

A

Isoelectric region

23
Q

Outline stages of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. At beginning ventricular contractionm mital valve closes until a.p. = v.p.
  2. At beg. relaxation, atrial valve closes + v.p. falls to = a.p.
  3. Heart sounds at beg. + end of v. contraction
  4. Vein changes to mirror atrium changes
24
Q

Cardiac output =

A

S.V. x H.R.

25
Q

Factors that affect cardiac output

A
  1. H.R.
  2. Mycocardial contractility
  3. Preload
  4. Afterload
26
Q

Starling’s law

A
  1. Input to heart + output from ventricle =

2. Output of RV + LV are equal

27
Q

+ve _____ effect when sympathetic stimulation increases _______

A

Ionotropic, cardiac

28
Q

Kidney’s role in arterial b.p.

A

Reabsorption of NA+ to decrease preload

29
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

Peripherally located in neck -> at division of common carotid artery into external/ internal branches

30
Q

In barareceptor reflex : mean a.p. - RAP =

A

Co x total peripheral R

31
Q

Afferent :

A

Carotid sinus > sinus nerve > glossopharyngeal nerve

32
Q

Efferent:

A

ANS -> SAN, myocardium, vascular smooth muscle

33
Q

Renin-angiotensin system

A

Regulation of aldosterone increase by adrenal cortex + atria release ANP -> natriuresis (secretion of sodium in urine)

34
Q

Intrinsic regulation of blood flow through tissues

A

Increase blood flow regulated by vasodilatery effect -> route of waste product generation

35
Q

Extrinsic regulation of blood flow through tissues

A
  1. N/S hormones
  2. NA (p-G NT) acts on alpha receptors on vascular sm. -> vasoc.
  3. Alpha regulated beds have reduced blood flow when body attempts to restore b.p. by increasing total peripheral R so blood redirected to vital oragns
  4. Some capillary beds
  5. A/NA -> +ve ionotropic effect (cardiac contraction) , +ve chronotropic (tachycardia)
  6. Autoregulation in cerebral + renal circulations
36
Q

Cerebral circulation

A
  1. Dual arterial input : posteriar com. arteries -> carotid and basilar arteries
  2. uR: around 20% resting O2 conc, RQ around 1.0
  3. Autoregulation : 60-200mmHg
    - > principally regulated by local CO2 gas tensions
37
Q

Coronary circulation

A
  1. O2 extraction by myocardial tissue is efficient
  2. Symp. stimulation to increase coronary blood flow
  3. Flow during systole is low : after ventricular relaxation
38
Q

Cutaneous circulation

A
  1. Nutrient blood to tissues, extrinsic vascular control -> temp reg. + protection
  2. Orterio-venous anastamosus to increase autoneus blood flow
39
Q

What is the triple response to trauma?

A
  1. Red - capillary dilation
  2. Wheal - Capillary becomes more permeable to proteins
  3. Flare -> dilation of local blood vessels to local sensory fibres branched nearby
40
Q

Preload

A

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

41
Q

Afterload

A

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

PHOL1002 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions