Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 225 > circulation > Flashcards

circulation Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

general characteristics of circulatory system

A

one or more pumps or structures that apply force to drive fluid flow through system of tubes, and a fluid that circulates through the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Open circultory system

A

organisms with open circulatory systems have generally blood pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

closed circulatory system

A

organisms with closed circulatory systems have higher blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why do closed circulatory system have higher blood pressures

A

allows for rapid adjustment of O2 and nutrient delivery to specific tissues, ultra filtration of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structure of Blood vessels: Large vein, elastic artery, vein, and muscular artery

A

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tunica Externa

A

external part of the blood vessel, is is made of collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tunica Media

A

middle layer of blood vessel, made of smooth muscle and elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tunica Intima

A

inner layer, made of endothelial cells and laminin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Venule

A

made of tunica externa and tunica intima, does not have tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteriole

A

tunica media and endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Capilaries

A

Made of only tunica intima and vary in structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Continuous capillary

A

in the brain muscle and skin (have tight junction, endothelial cell, and intercellular cleft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fenestrated Capillary

A

Kidney, endocrine organs, intestines (tight junctions, endothelial cell, intercellular cleft, fenestrations (pores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries

A

liver, bone marrow ( tight junction, endothelial cell, intracellular cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bulk flow

A

bulk flow of blood is controlled by tubes, pumps, and values increased pressure of valves increases flow down the one way valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

equation for Bulk flow

A

Q (flow)= delta P (pressure gradient x R (resistance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

law of bulk flow

A

fluids flow down pressure gradients, resistance due to frication opposes this movement. The law of bulk flow quantifies the relationship between flow, pressure and resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

relationship between resistance and radius of tube

A

resistance is inversely related to radius (R=8nL/pir^4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the assumptions of Poiseuilles equation and why are they wrong

A

the equation assumes unbranched rigid tubes that are uniform simple tube with steady flow. Blood vessels are not simple continuous tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flow in a closed circuit

A

in a closed circuit flow will be uniform at all points of the circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Velocity of fluid

A

velocity of fluid flow is inversely proportional to the area of the vessel Blood velocity= Q flow/ A (summed cross sectional area of flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blood velocity in an open circuit

A

velocity will not be uniform at all point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is blood velocity the lowest and cross sectional area the highest

Study These Flashcards
A

at the capillary beds

24
where do blood cells flow through
flow through the capilaries and the venules
25
Structure of Vertebrate heart walls
endocardium is outside, then myocardium, pericardium
26
Where is the coronary artery
in the myocardium
27
Pericardium
inner most layer of heart wall, its first layer is the epicardium (visceral pericardium) then pericardial fluid which in the pericardial cavity, then the parietal pericarium
28
Diastole
relaxation phase of cycle, negative blood pressure, blood flowing in
29
Systole
contraction, positive pressure, blood flows out
30
are valves active or passive
valves are passive
31
AV values: Atrial → Ventricular
Right is tricuspid, left is bicuspid/mitral, the AV valves are weak enough to open with pressure but strong enough not to prolapse which is prevented by the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
32
Semilunar valves: ventricular→ out
pulmonary value, aortic valve. Weak enough to open from ventricular contraction which allows blood to flow out of the heart but they are strong enough to withstand return pressure
33
Atrial diastole/ Ventricular diastole:
pulmonary value is closed, tricuspid and mitral valves are open, aortic value is closed, atrial systole, ventricular diastole
34
Atrial diastole/ Ventricular systole:
pulmonary value open, tricuspid and mitral valves closed, aortic valve open, atrial diastole, ventricular systole
35
what does the SA node Ionic Conductase do
it creates a self sustaining pacemaker
36
what is the funny current
cased by non selective cation channels that open at hyperpolarized voltages and close upon depolarization
37
What is the most important ion for the Funny current
Na+
38
what does the depolarization of the pacemaker do
it spreads to the neighboring cardiomyocytes causing action potentials and contraction
39
timing of the depolarization of the SA node pacemaker
1. SA node depolarizes, and the depolarization spreads rapidly via the internodal pathway 2. The av Node delays the signal, the depolarization spreads rapidly though the atria via gap junctions and causes the atria to contract 3. depolarization spreads rapidly though the bundle of His and purkinji fibers 4. the depolarization spreads upward through the ventricles causes them to contract
40
EKGs detect what
integrated electrical activity of the heart
41
P wave
depolarization of aorta, the first small wave
42
QRS
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria. The first part of the spike is Q, the peak is R and the come down is S which is the repolarization of the ventricels
43
Electrical and mechanical events of the heart are coupled
start cycle with ventricular diastole, then around the P wave you move to atrial systole, the in the QRS complex you get isovolumetric contraction, after the QRS complex you have ventricular systole, at T wave you have isovolumetric relaxation, then you have ventricular diastole before you start the cycle over again
44
relationship of cardiac output to heart rate and stroke volume
Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume CO=HRxSV
45
how do parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of autonomic nervous system control HR
the reciprocally control heart rate by controlling the pacemaker potential and the SA node
46
how does parasympathetic nervous system slow SA node pacemaker
Via muscarinic ACh receptors Cardiovascular control center (medulla) → Parasympathetic neurons → Ach→ muscarinic receptors of autorhythmic cells→ leads to increase K+ efflux and decrease in Ca influx → hyperpolarizes the cells→ increases the time for depolarization → decreases heart rate
47
how does sympathetic nervous system accelerate the SA node
via beta adrenergic receptors, reduced repolarization, faster depolarization
48
how does sympathetic nervous system modulate the force of heart contractions
increasing force of contractions increases stroke volume which increases cardiac output
49
what is driving force of blood flow through the circulatory system
Pressure caused by ventricular ejection
50
Blood pressure in different regions of circulatory system
highest BP is in the left ventricles then arteries, aterioles, capillaries, venules and the lowest BP is in teh veins
51
Systolic pressure
highest arterial blood pressure, associated with ventricular contraction
52
Diastolic pressure
lowest arterial blood pressure, associated with ventricular relaxation
53
relationship btw MAP, CO, and resistance
Mean arterial pressure is the average blood pressure in the arteries across the cardiac cycle Q=ΔP/R CO= Mean arterial pressure/ Total peripheral resistance (TPR) MAP= CO x TPR
54
how is mean arterial pressure regulated
barroreceptors monitor blood pressure and signal to cardiovascular control center of medulla
55
how is local blood flow controlled
by altering the diameter of the arterioles leading to the capillary beds
56
Intrensic mechanisms of blood flow control
metabolic or myogenic controls, distribute blood flow to each individual organ and tissue as needed
57
Extrensic mechanisms of control of blood flow
neutral or hormonal controls, maintain MAP, redistribute blood during exercise and thermoregulation
58

Bio 225 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions