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Medical > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Major circulatory systems

A
  1. Cardiopulmonary
  2. Systemic circulation
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2
Q

Specialized circulatory systems

A
  1. Coronary
  2. Portal
  3. Fetal circulation
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3
Q

Red blood is

A

Oxygenated blood

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4
Q

Blue blood is

A

Deoxygenated blood

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5
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Bring red blood to the heart muscle

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6
Q

Portal circulation

A
  1. A branch of the general circulation
  2. Digestive organs (pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen) spills blood into hepatic portal vein which goes to the liver
  3. Blue blood leaves the livers to go the hepatic vein
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7
Q

During fetal circulation through what do the mother and baby exchange nutrients

A

The placenta

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8
Q

Do the blood of the mother and baby mix

A

No they do not

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9
Q

What are three blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
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10
Q

What is the smallest blood vessel

A

The capillaries

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11
Q

Arteries

A

Carry red blood away from the heart to the capillaries

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12
Q

What carries blue blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

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13
Q

What does the capillaries transport

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, waste

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14
Q

What do the veins do

A

Carry blue blood from the capillaries to the heart

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15
Q

What carries red blood to the heart

A

Pulmonary veins

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16
Q

What is the largest artery

A

Aorta

17
Q

What is the largest vein

A

Vena Cava

18
Q

When does pressure change occur and what does it help do

A

Occurs when we breath and it brings back venous blood to the heart

19
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning out and thinning of the artery walls which is caused by weakening of the blood vessel

20
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening of the artery walls also known as hardening

21
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Build up of fat along the artery walls

22
Q

What do both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis result in

A

Narrowing of the vessels

23
Q

Gangrene

A

Death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply

24
Q

Varicose

A

Swollen vein due to insufficient blood flow

25
Q

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

Blockage of arteries usually in legs

26
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure which is higher than 120/80

27
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure which is lower than 90/60

28
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain

29
Q

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

A

Also known as a stroke which is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain

30
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of speech

31
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty in speech

Medical (8 decks)

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