Circulation

Question 1

Main functions of circulatory system

Answer 1

Transport of materials

Defence against disease

Thermoregulation

Question 2

Components of blood

Answer 2

Red blood; Biconcave, carries oxygen

White blood cell (lymphocyte); Large circular nucleus that takes up most the cell, produce specific antibodies

White blood cell (phagocyte); Large circular nucleus that takes up most the cell, engulfs and digests pathogens

Platelets; Small protein fragments, converting fibrinogen to fibrin, blood clotting

Plasma; Yellow water based liquid (55% of blood), transports blood cells and glucose

Question 3

Blood vessels

Answer 3

Artery; Goes away from the heart, thick, high blood pressure, no valves

Vein; Goes back to the heart, relatively thin, low blood pressure, has valves

Capillary; From arteries to veins, one cell thick wall, low blood pressure, no valves

Question 4

Heart

Answer 4

Pulmonary artery; Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Aorta; Carries oxygenated blood at high pressure around the body

Pulmonary vein; Returns oxygenated blood from lungs

Left atrium; Receives blood from lungs

Valves; Prevent back flow of blood

Left ventricle; Pumps blood around the body

Right ventricle; Pumps blood to the lungs

Right atrium; Receives blood from the body

Question 5

Vessels of the body

Answer 5

Hepatic: Liver

Renal: Kidney

Pulmonary: Lungs

Coronary: Heart

Question 6

Effects of exercise on the heart

Answer 6

Increased blood flow to muscles (to supply more glucose and oxygen so more energy can be produced by respiration)

Increased muscle contraction requiring energy from respiration

Increased cardiac output (volume of blood pumped out in 1 beat)

Increased heart rate (increased pulse rate) strengthens the heart muscle