Circulation

Question 1

What is the importance of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Substances are transported from the area where they enter the body to the cells or from the cells to the area where they are removed from the body by the circulatory system.

Question 2

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Blood vessels, the heart, blood.

Question 3

What is meant by a double circulatory system?

Answer 3

One transport system carries blood from your heart to your lungs.
The other transport system carries blood to all other organs of your body and back again

Question 4

What is the heart?

Answer 4

An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.
Walls of heart are made of muscle tissue

Question 5

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 5

4
Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricla

Question 6

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 6

Your resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium of heart known as a pacemaker.
These cells produce regular electrical signals which spread through the hear making it contract

Question 7

What are artificial pacemakers?

Answer 7

Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart
It sends strong, regular electrical signals to your heart that stimulate it to beat properly

Question 8

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 8

When layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries causing them to narrow down. This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries.

Question 9

Why is coronary heart disease dangerous?

Answer 9

Improper blood flow through the coronary arteries results in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle

Question 10

How is coronary heart disease prevented?

Answer 10

Stents are inserted into blocked coronary arteries to keep them open

Question 11

What are the 2 main faults that cause heart valves to become faulty?

Answer 11

1- stiff heart valve tissues
2- heart valve might develop a leak

Question 12

How can faulty valves be replaced?

Answer 12

They can be replaced by biological vale’s or mechanical valves

Question 13

What are biological valves?

Answer 13

Valves from humans or other mammals

Question 14

What are artificial hearts?

Answer 14

Can be used to keep patients alive while waiting for a heart transplant or allow heart to rest as an aid to recovery

Question 15

What are arteries?

Answer 15

Have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibers

Question 16

What are veins?

Answer 16

Have thinner walls, often have valves to prevent back flow of blood

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

Blood flows through very narrow, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries
Substances produced by cells pass into blood through the walls of the capillaries.

Question 18

What is blood?

Answer 18

A tissue that consists of a fluid called plasma, in which white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells

Question 19

What does blood plasma transport?

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide from organs to the lungs
Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs
Urea from liver to kidneys

Question 20

What is the structure of a red blood cell?

Answer 20

They have no nucleus
Packed with a red pigment called haemoglobin

Question 21

What do red blood cells transport?

Answer 21

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the organs

Question 22

What happens to haemoglobin in the lungs?

Answer 22

Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to give oxyhaemoglobin

Question 23

What are white blood cells?

Answer 23

Have a nucleus
From part of body’s defense system against microorganisms

Question 24

What are platelets?

Answer 24

Small fragments of cells
Have no nucleus
Help blood to clot at the site of a wound

Question 25

What are antigens?

Answer 25

Proteins on the surface of cells

Question 26

What is blood clotting?

Answer 26

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions which results in the change of fibrogen to fibrin, which forms a network of fibers trapping blood cells and forming a clot

Question 27

What are organ transplants?

Answer 27

When a diseased organ is replaced with a healthy one from a donor

Question 28

What could go wrong with organ transplants?

Answer 28

Recipient’s antibodies may attack antigens on the donors organ as they are unrecognizable

Question 29

How do we prevent rejection of the transplanted organs?

Answer 29

Ensure the donor’s organ is of a similar tissue-type to the recipient
Recipient could be treated with drugs that suppress their immune system

Question 30

What are the main types of human blood?

Answer 30

O, A, B and AB
O is the universal donor