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Circuitry of the Cardiovascular system Flashcards

Dr. Raynes

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

A

-The heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood

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2
Q

Is the heart considered an open or closed chamber circuit system?

A

Closed circuit system

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3
Q

What are the entries bulbs of the heart ?

A

Tricuspid and mitral valve. Will flow in only 1 direction; from 1 ventricle to another

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4
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

on the right side of the heart

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5
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

On the left side of the heart

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6
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Aortic valve and the pulmonary valve

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7
Q

What are the exit valves?

A

The semilunar valves; the aortic and pulmonary valve

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8
Q

Where does the blood that enters from the superior and inferior vena cava empty into?

A

Right atrium

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9
Q

Where does the blood travel after leaving the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid valve

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10
Q

After blood has been delivered to the tricuspid valve, where will the blood travel?

A

Blood will then travel to the right ventricle from the tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Where does the blood exit after the leaving the right ventricle?

A

Blood will Exit the right ventricle via the pulmonary valve towards the body (Lungs)

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12
Q

What is the blood circulation called on the right side of the body ?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

What exactly will the pulmonary circulation deliver to the lungs?

A

Fully deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

Where does oxygenated blood delivery to 1st?

A

To the left atrium from the lungs by the pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Where will blood travel after exiting the left atrium?

A

Oxygenated blood will travel via the mitral valve to the left ventricle

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16
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood travel to after leaving the left ventricle?

A

Oxygenated blood will exit via the aortic valve and enter the body

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17
Q

What type of circulation will the left side of the heart conduct?

A

Systemic circulation

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18
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Delivery of clean/ oxygenated blood by the aortic valve to the body (systemic circulation)

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19
Q

How many cell types does the heart have?

A

2; Contractile and conducting cells

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20
Q

Contractile cells:

A

Generation of force

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21
Q

Conducting cells:

A

Function to rapidly spread action potentials over the entire myocardium. No force

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22
Q

Which chambers have the “pumping” mechanism?

A

Left and right ventricles

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23
Q

Where causes heart failure?

A

The left or right ventricle not being able to pump

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24
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

The sinoatrial node located in the upper right atrium

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25
T/F: The SA node will only offer action potential to the right side of the heart
False. The SA node will conduct action potential to the left and right atrium
26
What happens after the SA node sends an action potential?
The heart will contract. Done by the contractile cells
27
Will the heart contract before or after an action potential?
After. Action potential first (done by the SA node) then the heart will contract
28
What happens after the action potential has been released from the SA node?
Action potential will travel from the SA node to the atrioventricular node towards the lower chambers (ventricles)
29
T/F:There will be a delay in the AV node
True. There will be AV node delay
30
After the AV node delay, where does the action potential travel?
Bundle of his>left and right bundle branch>Purkinje fibers
31
When will the ventricles be fully contracted?
After traveling to the purkinje fibers
32
What is the criteria for a normal sinus rhythm?
1. The action potential must originate in the SA node 2. The SA node impulses must occur regularly at a rate of 60-100 imluses/min 3. Activation must occur in the correct sequence
33
What cells must elect a response 1st?
Conduction (action potential) then contractile ( force)
34
What causes the upward stroke of the SA node ?
Inward of Ca2+
35
What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the SA node ?
Inward of Na+
36
Action potential of the SA node?
150
37
Is there a plateau for the SA node?
No plateau
38
What causes the upward stroke of the atrium?
Inward of Na+
39
Action potential of the atrium node?
150
40
What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the atrium ?
none
41
Is there a plateau for the atrium?
Inward Ca2+
42
What causes the upward stroke of the ventricle?
Inward of Na+
43
Action potential of the ventricle?
250
44
What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the ventricle?
none
45
Is there a plateau for the ventricle?
Inward of Ca2+
46
What causes the upward stroke of the purkinje fibers?
Inward of Na+
47
Action potential of the Purkinje fibers?
300
48
What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the Purkinje fibers?
Latent pacemaker
49
Is there a plateau for the Purkinje fibers?
Inward of Ca2+
50
What are latent pacemakers?
Cells other then the SA node that cause for a spontaneous phase 4 depolarization. Includes the AV node, bundle of his, and the purkinje fibers
51
T/F: The SA node has the fastest rate of phase 4 depolarization controls of the heart rate
True
52
Ectopic pacemaker:
When a latent pacemaker (AV node, Bundle of His, or the Purkinje fibers) takes over and becomes the pacemaker of the heart
53
When will the Ectopic pacemaker take over?
When the SA node rate decreases, intrinsic rate of the latent pacemaker becomes faster than the SA node or the conduction from the SA node becomes blocked.
54
Chronotropic:
Effects on heart rate
55
Dromotropic effects:
Effects on conduction velocity
56
Inotropic effects:
Modifications made to the contractions of the heart (effects the speed or force of the heart)
57
Purpose of EKG:
Measure the electricity activity of the heart. Results from potential difference throughout the heart
58
P wave:
Due to atrium depolarization (SA node)
59
Q wave:
Bundle of his.
60
QRS complex:
Left and right bundle branches to he Purkinje fibers. Contractions has reached to the ventricle
61
T wave:
Ventricle depolarization
62
Line after the P wave:
Atrium contraction
63
Line between the P and the Q :
AvV node delay

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