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Neuroscience > Circuitry of the Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Circuitry of the Cardiovascular system Flashcards

Dr. Raynes

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

A

-The heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood

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2
Q

Is the heart considered an open or closed chamber circuit system?

A

Closed circuit system

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3
Q

What are the entries bulbs of the heart ?

A

Tricuspid and mitral valve. Will flow in only 1 direction; from 1 ventricle to another

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4
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

on the right side of the heart

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5
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

On the left side of the heart

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6
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Aortic valve and the pulmonary valve

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7
Q

What are the exit valves?

A

The semilunar valves; the aortic and pulmonary valve

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8
Q

Where does the blood that enters from the superior and inferior vena cava empty into?

A

Right atrium

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9
Q

Where does the blood travel after leaving the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid valve

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10
Q

After blood has been delivered to the tricuspid valve, where will the blood travel?

A

Blood will then travel to the right ventricle from the tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Where does the blood exit after the leaving the right ventricle?

A

Blood will Exit the right ventricle via the pulmonary valve towards the body (Lungs)

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12
Q

What is the blood circulation called on the right side of the body ?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

What exactly will the pulmonary circulation deliver to the lungs?

A

Fully deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

Where does oxygenated blood delivery to 1st?

A

To the left atrium from the lungs by the pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Where will blood travel after exiting the left atrium?

A

Oxygenated blood will travel via the mitral valve to the left ventricle

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16
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood travel to after leaving the left ventricle?

A

Oxygenated blood will exit via the aortic valve and enter the body

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17
Q

What type of circulation will the left side of the heart conduct?

A

Systemic circulation

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18
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Delivery of clean/ oxygenated blood by the aortic valve to the body (systemic circulation)

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19
Q

How many cell types does the heart have?

A

2; Contractile and conducting cells

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20
Q

Contractile cells:

A

Generation of force

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21
Q

Conducting cells:

A

Function to rapidly spread action potentials over the entire myocardium. No force

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22
Q

Which chambers have the “pumping” mechanism?

A

Left and right ventricles

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23
Q

Where causes heart failure?

A

The left or right ventricle not being able to pump

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24
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

The sinoatrial node located in the upper right atrium

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25
Q

T/F: The SA node will only offer action potential to the right side of the heart

A

False. The SA node will conduct action potential to the left and right atrium

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26
Q

What happens after the SA node sends an action potential?

A

The heart will contract. Done by the contractile cells

27
Q

Will the heart contract before or after an action potential?

A

After. Action potential first (done by the SA node) then the heart will contract

28
Q

What happens after the action potential has been released from the SA node?

A

Action potential will travel from the SA node to the atrioventricular node towards the lower chambers (ventricles)

29
Q

T/F:There will be a delay in the AV node

A

True. There will be AV node delay

30
Q

After the AV node delay, where does the action potential travel?

A

Bundle of his>left and right bundle branch>Purkinje fibers

31
Q

When will the ventricles be fully contracted?

A

After traveling to the purkinje fibers

32
Q

What is the criteria for a normal sinus rhythm?

A
  1. The action potential must originate in the SA node
  2. The SA node impulses must occur regularly at a rate of 60-100 imluses/min
  3. Activation must occur in the correct sequence
33
Q

What cells must elect a response 1st?

A

Conduction (action potential) then contractile ( force)

34
Q

What causes the upward stroke of the SA node ?

A

Inward of Ca2+

35
Q

What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the SA node ?

A

Inward of Na+

36
Q

Action potential of the SA node?

37
Q

Is there a plateau for the SA node?

A

No plateau

38
Q

What causes the upward stroke of the atrium?

A

Inward of Na+

39
Q

Action potential of the atrium node?

40
Q

What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the atrium ?

41
Q

Is there a plateau for the atrium?

A

Inward Ca2+

42
Q

What causes the upward stroke of the ventricle?

A

Inward of Na+

43
Q

Action potential of the ventricle?

44
Q

What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the ventricle?

45
Q

Is there a plateau for the ventricle?

A

Inward of Ca2+

46
Q

What causes the upward stroke of the purkinje fibers?

A

Inward of Na+

47
Q

Action potential of the Purkinje fibers?

48
Q

What causes the depolarization (phase 4) of the Purkinje fibers?

A

Latent pacemaker

49
Q

Is there a plateau for the Purkinje fibers?

A

Inward of Ca2+

50
Q

What are latent pacemakers?

A

Cells other then the SA node that cause for a spontaneous phase 4 depolarization. Includes the AV node, bundle of his, and the purkinje fibers

51
Q

T/F: The SA node has the fastest rate of phase 4 depolarization controls of the heart rate

52
Q

Ectopic pacemaker:

A

When a latent pacemaker (AV node, Bundle of His, or the Purkinje fibers) takes over and becomes the pacemaker of the heart

53
Q

When will the Ectopic pacemaker take over?

A

When the SA node rate decreases, intrinsic rate of the latent pacemaker becomes faster than the SA node or the conduction from the SA node becomes blocked.

54
Q

Chronotropic:

A

Effects on heart rate

55
Q

Dromotropic effects:

A

Effects on conduction velocity

56
Q

Inotropic effects:

A

Modifications made to the contractions of the heart (effects the speed or force of the heart)

57
Q

Purpose of EKG:

A

Measure the electricity activity of the heart. Results from potential difference throughout the heart

58
Q

P wave:

A

Due to atrium depolarization (SA node)

59
Q

Q wave:

A

Bundle of his.

60
Q

QRS complex:

A

Left and right bundle branches to he Purkinje fibers. Contractions has reached to the ventricle

61
Q

T wave:

A

Ventricle depolarization

62
Q

Line after the P wave:

A

Atrium contraction

63
Q

Line between the P and the Q :

A

AvV node delay

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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