CIN and Carcinoma Flashcards
CIN III lesions discovered on smear, next steps?
Refer for colposcopy - 2 week wait
LETZ to remove lesions
How does LETZ remove CIN lesions?
Red hoot loop (diathermy) used t remove the whole abnormal area.
1cm down the endocervical canal to remove the entire transformation zone
Done at colposcopy
What types of lesions is LETZ suitable for?
CIN 2-3
extensive, moderate, severe
no evidence of invasion
Cancer begun to spread down into the top of the vagina and spread up into the tissue and the cervix.
Neoplastic cells extends to the parametric but not the pelvic side wall
What stage?
2b
What is the difference between cervical cancer stage 1a1 and 1a2?
1a1 - grown less than 3mm into tissues of the cervix, and less than 7mm wide
1a2 - grown between 3mm and 5mm into the cervical tissues, and less than 7mm wide
Cancer no larger than 4 cm, only in the tissues of the cervix.
What stage?
At what point would it progress to the next stage?
1b1
larger than 4cm but still within the cervix - 1b2
What stage has been reached when parametrical invasion first occurs?
What other tissues are involved at this stage?
2b
upper 2/3 of vagina
What are the similarities of stages 2a1 and 2a2?
What are the differences between stages 2a1 and 2a2?
no parametrical invasion
involves upper 2/3 of vagina
2a1 - <4cm greatest diameter
2a2 - >4cm greatest diameter
What stage first involves the lower 1/3 of the vagina?
3a
What stage first involves the pelvic wall?
What else could this stage involve?
3b
hydonephrosis
What occurs to progress to stage 4a and consequently 4b?
extension to adjacent organs
then
distant metastasis
When is the diagnosis and staging of CIN made?
colposcopy and histology
When is the diagnosis of dyskaryosis made?
cytology (smear)
What what characterise CIN1?
mild dysplasia
confined to the basal 1/3 of the epithelium
What CIN stage is moderate dysplasia and where is this confined to?
CIN 2
confined to < basal 2/3 of the epithelium
