Anatomy Flashcards
What occurs at the transformation zone?
Columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium (continuous with vaginal wall)
under influence of hormones (Menstrual cycle/Oral contraceptive)
What happens to the transformation zone after menopause?
Moves higher up the endocervical canal
Where do most cervical cancers occur and why?
Transformation zone
Cells are changing type, therefore they are unstable and susceptible to dysplasia changes under certain conditions - HPV cigarette smoke
Dysplasic changes either regress or become neoplasms
Where is the pouch of Douglas?
Between the rectum and the uterus (rectouterine pouch)
What does the ureter cross under in males and females?
males - vas deferens
females - uterine artery
Which nerves innervate male arousal?
parasympathetic - erection - pelvic splanchnic
sympathetic - ejaculation - inferior hypogastric plexus
What nerve supplies the uterus?
hypogastric plexus
What type of epithelial cells line the endocervix?
columnar
what type of epithelial cells line the ectocervix?
non-keratinised stratified squamous
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery (from internal iliac)?
inferior rectal - muscles and skin of anal canal
perineal - muscles of perineum and scrotum/labia
artery to bulb of penis/clitoris - bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum
deep artery of the penis/clitoris - corpus cavernosum
dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris - corpus cavernosum and superficial structures
urethral - urethra
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
aortic nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the urethra (female)?
internal iliac
superficial inguinal
What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus and uterine tubes?
internal and external iliac
sacral
What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?
inferior mesenteric
internal iliac
pararectal
preaortic
