Çıkmış Kardiyoloji Flashcards
Which of the following mechanisms is not responsible for cardiac arrhythmias?
Re-entry
Hypermagnesemia
Delayed afterdepolarizations
Abnormal automaticity
Early afterdepolarizations
Hypermagnesemia
Which of the following arrhythmias is major cause of ischemic stroke?
Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Tachycardia
Atrial Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrioventricular Nodan Reentrant Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
A 67-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus applied to the
emergency department with complaints of chest pain in the midline of the chest,
compressing chest pain that started 1 hour ago, and shortness of breath. ST elevation
was detected in leads D2-3 and aVF in the patient’s electrocardiogram. Which of the
following cannot be detected on transthoracic echocardiography?
Ventricular septal defect
Flail mitral valve and severe mitral regurgitation
Inferio-lateral wall hypokinesia
Left atrial appendix thrombus
Low left ventricular ejection fraction
Left atrial appendix thrombus
Which one does not cause restrictive cardiomyopathy ?
Left ventricular noncompaction
Amyloidosis
Fabrys disease
Inferor MI
Sarcoidosis
Loefflers endomyocarditis
Left ventricular noncompaction
Left ventricular noncompaction does not cause restrictive cardiom
What tests can be done to measure the pulmonary arterial pressures in the right heart?
Echocardiogram and exercise tolerance test
Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary function test and EKG
Blood work and V/Q scan
Echocardiogram and right heart catheterization
Echocardiogram and right heart catheterization
Echocardiogram is an indirect estimation method, while right heart
catheterization is a direct measurement method for pulmonary artery
pressure
Which of the following types of syncope is characterized by a sudden and temporary
loss of consciousness, often without warning, due to a transient interruption of cerebral blood flow, and is commonly associated with potentially life-threatening arrhythmias or structural heart diseases?
Vasovagal Syncope
Cardiac Syncope
Orthostatic Hypotension
Situational Syncope
Psychogenic Syncope
Cardiac Syncope
Cardiac Syncope is characterized by a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness, often without warning, due to a transient interruption of cerebral blood flow, and is commonly associated with potentially lifethreatening arrhythmias or structural heart diseases.
What is wrong for myocarditis?
Acute myocarditis characterized by increased sphericity and left ventricu
Fulminant myocarditis abrupt onset, usually within 2 weeks of a viral
Fulminant myocarditis characterized by non-dilated, thickened, and h
left ventricle
Survival giant cell myocarditis genrally less than 6 months
Acute myocarditis characterized by increased sphericity and left ventricu
Which of the following represent a dome-shaped, pleura-based opacication observed in the peripheral area of the lung, most often due to pulmonary embolism and lung infarction?
Palla’s sign
Hampton’s hump
Westermark sign
Fleischner lines
Lineer atelectasis
Hampton’s hump
Hampton’s hump is seen on the chest radiograph as a wedge
shaped opacity with a rounded convex apex directed towards
the hilum. The Hampton’s hump occurs within two days of a
pulmonary infarction, whereby subsequent alveolar necrosis
and hemorrhage into an incomplete infarct accounts for the
opacity.
Which of the following is incorrect regarding prophylaxis indication in infective endocarditis?
a) A prior history of infective endocarditis
b) Repaired congenital heart disease with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of the prosthetic patch or prosthetic device
c) Mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation
d) Valve regurgitation due to a structurally abnormal valve in a transplanted heart
e) Prosthetic heart valves, including bioprosthetic and homograft valves
Doğru cevap: c) Mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation
Which of the following is false regarding Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
a) It has been determined that the prone position reduces mortality.
b) Lung protective ventilator strategies should be implemented.
c) SARS-COV-2 is one of the important causes.
d) It typically develops within 2 weeks.
e) The most common cause of ARDS development is pneumonia.
Doğru cevap: e) The most common cause of ARDS development is pneumonia.
A 65 years old man is brought to the emergency department with complaints of altered consciousness, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination, he is febrile and confused. He has neck stiffness. Lumbar puncture is performed and in CSF examination: pressure is 170 mm H2O, appearance is clear, leukocytes 50/mm3 (85% lymphocytes), protein: 67 mg/dL, glucose: 70 mg/dL (blood glucose: 94 mg/dL).
Which antimicrobial therapy is most appropriate for this patient empirically?
a) Cefotaxime + vancomycin
b) Ceftriaxone + vancomycin + ampicillin
c) Ceftriaxone + vancomycin + ampicillin + acyclovir
d) Ceftriaxone
e) Acyclovir
Doğru cevap: e) Acyclovir
A 65-year-old female patient was diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The patient, who had acute anterior STEMI 3 years ago, applied to the outpatient clinic with complaints of shortness of breath and fatigue. A pathological Q wave was observed in leads C1-C6 in her electrocardiography, and cardiomegaly was detected in the chest X-ray.
What finding do we not expect when we perform an echocardiographic examination on the patient?
a) Left ventricular ejection fraction is expected to be >55%.
b) The diameters of the left ventricle and left atrium are enlarged.
c) Thrombus can be observed in the apex of the left ventricle.
d) Left ventricular anterior wall, anterior septum, and apex wall thicknesses were thinned.
Doğru cevap: a) Left ventricular ejection fraction is expected to be >55%
Which one is incorrect regarding atrial septal defect’s physical examination?
a) Wide splitting S1
b) Loud S2, may be heard because of pulmonary hypertension
c) Fixed splitting S2
d) Mid systolic click
e) Systolic murmur
Doğru cevap: d) Mid systolic click
Which of the following is used as a graft in coronary artery bypass surgery?
a) Radial artery
b) Ulnar artery
c) Femoral artery
d) Temporal artery
e) Brachial artery
Doğru cevap: a) Radial artery
A 23-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of dysuria for three days. She has no new vaginal discharge. On exam, she is afebrile, blood pressure is 120/70 mmHg, pulse 70/min. Her exam is remarkable for mild suprapubic tenderness to palpation, no costovertebral tenderness to palpation or percussion, the remainder of the exam is normal.
Labs: Urine analysis: Specific gravity 1.020, no erythrocytes, 2+ leukocyte, leukocyte esterase positive, nitrite positive.
Is empirical treatment necessary, and if yes, which antimicrobial is the most appropriate option?
a) Fucidic acid
b) Imipenem
c) Ceftriaxone
d) No need to treatment
e) Nitrofurantoin
Doğru cevap: e) Nitrofurantoin
What is the treatment for a first episode secondary spontaneous pneumothorax attack?
a) Wedge resection with thoracotomy
b) If there is pneumothorax above 20% but there is no dyspnea, observation with oxygen therapy
c) Blep-bulla resection with VATS
d) Chest tube thoracostomy is performed
e) Talc pleurodesis with chest tube
Doğru cevap: d) Chest tube thoracostomy is performed
Which of the following defines “remittent fever”?
a) Fever that breaks and returns twice a day
b) Temperature continuously remains above normal, with daily fluctuations <1°C
c) Fever lasting 1-2 weeks followed by 1-2 weeks of an afebrile period
d) Temperature continuously remains above normal with daily fluctuations >1°C
e) Temperature remains above normal only for a certain period, later returning back to normal
Doğru cevap: b) Temperature continuously remains above normal, with daily fluctuations <1°C
What is wrong for myocarditis?
a) Acute myocarditis characterized by increased sphericity and left ventricular volume
b) Peripartum cardiomyopathy characterized by the onset of LV dysfunction in the first month of pregnancy with no preexisting cardiac dysfunction or cause of CMP
c) Survival giant cell myocarditis generally less than 6 months
d) Fulminant myocarditis abrupt onset, usually within 2 weeks of a viral illness
e) Fulminant myocarditis characterized by non-dilated, thickened, and hypocontractile left ventricle
Doğru cevap: b) Peripartum cardiomyopathy characterized by the onset of LV dysfunction in the first month of pregnancy with no preexisting cardiac dysfunction or cause of CMP
Which of the following cannot be a symptom for peripheral artery disease?
a) Mesenteric angina
b) Acute limb ischemia
c) Subclavian steal syndrome
d) Claudicatio intermittens
e) Stable angina pectoris
Doğru cevap: e) Stable angina pectoris
Which of the following are correct about hepatitis viruses? (Choose as many as required)
a) HDV can cause chronic infection.
b) HAV can cause fulminant hepatitis.
c) HEV is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
d) HCV infection can be prevented with vaccination.
e) HBV is an oncogenic virus.
Doğru cevaplar:
a) HDV can cause chronic infection.
b) HAV can cause fulminant hepatitis.
c) HEV is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
e) HBV is an oncogenic virus.
What is a normal Ankle Brachial index range?
a) 0.7-0.1
b) 0.6-0.9
c) 0.8-1.4
d) 0.9-1.3
e) 0.9-1.1
Doğru cevap: d) 0.9-1.3
Which of the following antibiotics exerts concentration-dependent inhibition?
a) Vancomycin
b) Linezolid
c) Fluoroquinolone
d) Beta-lactam
e) Aminoglycoside
Doğru cevap: e) Aminoglycoside
