CIH Part II Flashcards
What chemical CANNOT be detected with an FID?
Formaldehyde.
What analytical method can quantify hundreds of different chemicals and be used for continuous monitoring?
Infrared analyzer.
In which form of radiation emission does the mass of the atom stay the same?
Beta.
What is the whole body dose rate PEL for U.S. radiation workers?
5 rem/year.
Why is plastic and glass the shielding of choice for beta radiation?
When beta particles hit high-atomic number materials, they create x-rays.
What organ is most vulnerable to lasers?
The eyes.
Erythema is also known as what?
Sunburn.
Hearing of bodily tissue is a concern with what type of radiation?
Non-ionizing.
What does a steep dose-response curve indicate?
Small variation in response.
Adverse effects affecting solely the site of exposure is known as what?
Local toxicity.
Ethanol and carbon tetra chloride have what kind of effect?
A synergistic effect.
Substances that cause birth defects in a developing embryo or fetus are called what?
Teratogens.
What is the common term for “uticarial reactions?”
Hives.
What two chemicals are metabolized to phosgene in the kidneys?
Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
Heating chlorinated solvents or refrigerants and/or isocyanate production are red flags for what exposure?
Phosgene gas.
What health outcome is associated with Benzene?
Leukemia.
What do CO, cyanides, and H2S have in common?
They are all chemical asphyxiants.
Organophosphates like parathion and malathion inhibit what kind of enzymes?
Cholinesterase enzymes.
ADME
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Metal process that involves high amperage and low voltage, and electrolytic reduction?
Aluminum manufacturing.
Does aluminum production utilize an acidic or caustic bath to dissolve the bauxite ore and form alumina?
Caustic.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, CO, fluorides, and CO2 are byproducts of what manufacturing process?
Aluminum manufacturing.
Adding alloys and reducing carbon content refers to what manufacturing process?
Steel manufacturing (iron to steel).
Lung cancers are associated with which aspect of the steel manufacturing process?
Coking process.
Laryngeal cancer is associated with what metal refining activity?
Pickling.
During which alkaline treatment is hydrogen gas released?
Electrolytic cleaning.
In electroplating, which piece is the workpiece?
Cathode (-).
Cyanide salt solutions and acid baths may be found in which process?
Electroplating.
What evaluating the TLV of a gaseous mixture, how do you know if the PEL for the mixture has been exceeded?
Greater than 1.
What does a low SD value indicate?
Little variability between samples.
What does a high SD value indicate?
A lot of variability between samples.
What two variables affect fan noise?
Rotational speed and number of blades.
What particle size is inhalable?
< 100 um.
What size cassette is used in asbestos air sampling?
25 mm w/ extended cowl.
PVC cassettes are generally used to sample for what?
Silica, dust, and zinc oxide.
What sampler used for inhalable dust is also capable of being used for biological sampling?
Button sampler.
What sampler would be good for collecting culturable samples?
Andersen impactor.
What adsorbent can handle up to 90% humidity?
Activated charcoal.
What sampler is best used to sample for semi-volatiles?
Impinger.
What is the most common type of adsorbent?
Activated charcoal.
What core body temperature marks the beginning of hypothermia as the body loses heat?
35 C.
What chemical is classified as a “deep lung irritant?
Nitrogen dioxide.
What kind of radiation can penetrate several material types, make other objects radioactive, and produce many of the radioactive sources used in industrial, academic, and medical applications?
Neutrons.
What particle size can reach the thoracic region?
< 10 um.
What particle size is respirable?
< 4 um
How how mass can the breakthrough section have in a sorbent tube in the event of breakthrough and still be considered usable?
Up to 10% of the mass of the collection sample.
What is the optimal setup in a passive diffusion sampling situation?
Large space, short distance to source.
Thermal desorption is part of the analysis method for which type of sampling?
Adsorbent sampling.
What is the downside of using colorimetric tubes?
Accuracy +/- 20%.
What direct read analyzer is not sensitive to formaldehyde?
FID.
What is something that is measurable for populations but not individuals?
Probability of getting a disease.
What risk model says that there is no “safe” level of exposure and that every exposure increases your risk of getting sick.
No threshold risk model.
Are isocyanate respiratory sensitizers?
Yes.
In regard to exposure assessments, what describes a “compliance strategy?”
Taking only a few measurements of persons expected to have the highest exposure.
In regard to exposure assessments, what is a “comprehensive strategy?”
Taking random sample exposures and developing an exposure distribution. Often involves SEG’s.
What does variability between workers indicate?
Excess exposures result from activities or behaviors of individual workers.
What is the study of disease in populations?
Epidemiology.
What is the assumption of a null hypothesis?
That there is no association between a risk factor and a disease.
Difference in risk between an exposed group and an unexposed group is known as what?
Attributable risk.
What is the most powerful type of study other than clinic trials?
Cohort study.
What kind of study identifies a population prospectively and follows them over time?
Cohort study.
A study of a population regardless of exposure or disease status is known as what?
Cross-sectional study.
Who developed Theory X and Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor.
According to H.W. Heinrich, what percentage of accidents are cause by unsafe acts?
88%.
Hygiene theory is attributed to which safety philosopher?
Frederick Herzberg.
Who developed “Incongruency Theory,” which states there is an incongruency between how employees see themselves and how the organization sees them?
Chris Argyris.
What is the ISO environmental management standard?
ISO 14,000/14,001.
What number is the ISO quality management system?
ISO 9000.
TB is what kind of pathogen?
Bacteria.
DNA or RNA and a protein coat is called what?
A virus.
Trichinellosis and toxoplasmosis are kinds of what?
Parasites.
In what kind of study is disease and exposure measured at the same time?
Cross-sectional study.
Using different criteria to define disease between exposed and unexposed populations is known as what?
Observational bias.
Choosing controls from a different population than cases is known as what kind of bias?
Selection bias.
What is the assumption of an alternate hypothesis in epidemiology?
There is an exposure-disease relationship.
What is confounding bias?
When variables affecting either exposure or disease are not considered.
What makes a confidence interval not significant?
If it includes 1 (or 100 in some cases).
What is the defining characteristic of BSL 2?
Indigenous agents of moderate risk.
Standard Threshold Shift
10 dB drop in either the 2,000 Hz, 3,000 Hz, or 4,000 Hz range in either ear.
At what BSL is an open bench allowed?
BSL 1.
Working with indigenous or exotic agents that have a definite risk of infection calls for what biosafety level?
BSL 3.
What is the minimum intake velocity for a BSC-3?
None.
In a BSC-1, how much air is recirculated?
None, all is exhausted outside through a HEPA filter.
What BSC has a separate plenum of uncontaminated air?
BSC-2 Type B.
What kind of waste must be decontaminated prior to disposal?
Biological waste.
What disease is associated with devices that produce waterborne aerosols?
Legionnaire’s disease.
Is diesel exhaust known as a human carcinogen?
Yes.
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a result of chronic exposure to what chemical?
Formaldehyde.
Why does incomplete combusion occur?
Insufficient oxygen.
In IAQ, a high level of which chemical indicates ventilation issues?
CO2.
What are the primary hazards of Ozone?
Respiratory.
When using hard hats, what must the headband suspension clearance be?
> 1.25 in.
In regard to aerosol cartridge classification, what does N stand for?
Non-oil aerosols.
In regard to aerosol cartridge classification, what does R stand for?
Can be used with oil aerosols up to 8 hours.
How much hose is allowed to use with a SAR?
300 ft.
What is the APF for a tight-fitting PAPR or airline respirator?
1,000.
What part of the body is affected by DeQuervain’s syndrome?
The thumb.
What is the qualitative test for DeQuervain’s?
Finklestein’s test.
What is called when tendons on the inside of the elbow are injured or strained?
Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow).
Hand Activity Level
Estimated force for given hand activity level that will likely produce CTD.
What is the ideal standing bench height?
89 cm.
What is the ideal sitting bench height?
50 - 71 cm.
How far below the elbow should the standard work height be for heavy work?
4 - 6”.
What is the defining symptom of heat exhaustion?
Cold and clammy skin.
What describes fainting due to heat?
Heat syncope due to non-acclimitization.
Why do heat cramps occur?
Loss of salt through sweating.
What is the lowest classification of heat-related illness?
Heat fatigue.
What temperature describes moderate hypothermia?
32 C.
What temperature describes severe hypothermia?
28 C.
At what temperature is adequate insulation required for cold stress?
4 C.
What is the principle of detection employed by a sound level meter?
Direct measurement of sound pressure.
What does increasing the number of samples taken do to the certainty?
Estimation of the mean is improved by narrowing the confidence limits.
What health effect is caused by somatosensory toxins?
Impaired sense of touch or temperature.
What is the minimum relative moisture content necessary to promote the growth of mold in typical wallboard material?
0.9.
Which analytical method is best for separating ionic chemicals such as inorganic compounds and aldehydes for analysis?
Ion chromatography.
What is brass composed of?
Copper and zinc.
What analytical limit is generally 10x the instrument noise level?
Limit of quantification.
What analytical limit is generally 3x the instrument noise level?
Limit of detection.
In analytical chemistry, what is concentration equal to?
Mass/Volume (mg/m3).
What is the analytical technique where substances are separated based on the mass of the molecule?
Mass spectrometry.
What is atomic absorption spectroscopy used to analyze?
Metals.
What is the purpose of SDpooled?
It is used to compare two unique sample sets.
What scientific principle is utilized by infrared analyzers?
Beer’s law.
Argyria
Bluish/slate grey coloring of skin and mucous membranes that is the result of over-exposure to silver dust.
