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CIC > CIC Organisms > Flashcards

CIC Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus sp.

  • associated with immunocompromised hosts
  • associated with construction dust
  • standard precautions
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2
Q

Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

  • usually food borne (ingestion of toxins)
  • standard precautions
  • descending weakness or paralysis in alert person
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3
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida sp.

-usual skin or mucous membrane infections

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4
Q

Shingles

A

Herpes zoster

  • standard precautions unless disseminated, the Airborne/Contact Precautions
  • prefer immune HCW to provide care
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5
Q

Chickenpox

A

Varicella

  • maculopapular evolving to vesicular skin eruptions (3-4 days)
  • lesions: monolocular, collapse on puncture
  • INCUBATION: 13-17 days
  • Airborne/Contact precautions
  • prefer immune HCWs provide care
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6
Q

Cholera

A

Vibrio chloerae

  • contact precautions
  • mortality: 50% within hours if untreated from circulatory collapse, renal failure resulting from profuse, painless diarrhea
  • INCUBATION: usually 2-3 days
  • not usually endemic in US
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7
Q

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

A
  • bacterial or viral
  • contact precautions if viral
  • adenovirus - common viral cause
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8
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A
  • prion
  • progressive dementia, death within 3-12 months
  • INCUBATION- 15 months-30 years
  • standard precautions
  • special equipment decontamination concerns
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9
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

Fifth Disease

A

Parvovirus B19

  • INCUBATION- 4-20 days
  • intrauterine infection:10% hydrops fetalis and fetal death
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10
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

INCUBATION: rapid 1-6 hrs

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11
Q

Cryptosporidosis

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

  • parasitic infection
  • diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, cramping
  • INCUBATION- 1-12 days
  • standard precautions
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12
Q

Staph aureus food poisoning

A
  • rapid incubation 2-4 hrs
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13
Q

Salmonella food poisoning

A

-semi rapid incubation- 12-36 hours

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14
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

  • usually manifests as skin infection
  • if inhaled, respiratory & GI tract infections
  • INCUBATION- usually within 48 hrs
  • PAPR/contact precautions during powder exposure
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15
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
  • Corynebacterium
  • Listeria
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16
Q

Clostridium perfringes food poisoning

A

-rapid incubation: 10-12 hours

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17
Q

Rotavirus food poisoning

A

-semi rapid incubation: 1-3 days

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18
Q

Campylobacter food poisoning

A

Moderate incubation:1-10 days

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19
Q

Vibrio food poisoning

A

Semi rapid incubation: 12-24 hrs

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20
Q

Norovirus and Norwalk-like viruses food poisoning

A

Semi rapid incubation: 1-2 days

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21
Q

Hepatitis A food poisoning

A

Slow incubation:15-30 days

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22
Q

Toxoplasmosis food poisoning

A

Slow incubation:10-23 days

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23
Q

Hanta virus

A
  • endemic southwest US
  • transmission: aerosolization of rodent excretia
  • INCUBATION: 2-60 days
  • standard precautions
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24
Q

Trichinosis food poisoning

A

Slow incubation: 8-15 days

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25
Q

Giardia food poisoning

A

Slow incubation: 3-10 days

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26
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • transmission- fecal oral
  • incubation- 15-50 days
  • standard precautions
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27
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • transmission: bloodborne
  • standard precautions
  • INCUBATION: 45-180 days
  • vaccine - given at birth & 11-12 yrs of age
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28
Q

Hepatitis D

A
  • Co-infection with Hepatitis B
  • INCUBATION: 2-8 weeks
  • transmission: bloodborne, not usually sexual
  • standard precautions
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29
Q

Hepatitis B antibodies

A 
IgM
-appears with symptoms during acute illness
-can persist 3-12 months from exposure
IgG
-persists for life
-marker for natural HBV infection
30
Q

HBsAG

A
  • hepatitis B surface antigen - infection marker
  • found in serum 1-2 months after exposure
  • if found greater than 6months - chronic infection
31
Q

Hepatitis C

A
  • 70% asymptomatic
  • INCUBATION: 2 weeks-6 months
  • transmission: bloodborne
  • standard precautions
32
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • transmission: fecal oral
  • seen as imported infection if identified in US
  • standard precautions
33
Q

HIV/AIDS tests

A

ELISA
-positive 3 weeks to 6 months after exposure
Western Blot
-detects antibody bound HIV protein
-seroconversion likely if “positive” detected at least 2 weeks after “indeterminate”

34
Q

Influenza

A
  • INCUBATION: 1-3 days
  • droplet precautions
  • PAPR/N-95 for aerosolization procedures
35
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

  • INCUBATION: 3-32 after tick bite
  • standard precautions
  • endemic northeast US
  • standard precautions
36
Q

HIV/AIDS

A
  • transmission: bloodborne
  • INCUBATION: 1-3 months
  • standard precautions
37
Q

Legionella

A
  • INCUBATION: 2-10 days
  • standard precautions
  • commonly found in tap water
  • must be inhaled to cause infection
38
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A
  • INCUBATION: 7-10 days
  • airborne precautions through 4th day or rash
  • IgM detected 3-4 days after rash onset
  • immediately reportable to health department
39
Q

Meningitis Meningococcus

A

Neisseria meningitidis

  • Gram negative diplococcus
  • droplet precautions until 24hrs effective antbx
  • prophylaxis for exposed HCW
40
Q

Viral meningitis

A
  • more prevalent during late summer

- most often seen in ages

41
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough

  • INCUBATION: 6-20 days
  • paroxysmal coughing that can last 1-3months
  • droplet precautions until 5 days effective antbx
42
Q

Meningitis Pneumococcus

A

Streptococcal pneumonia

  • associated with otitis, skull fx, pneumonia
  • No HCW prophylaxis
  • standard precautions
43
Q

Pediculosis

A
  • head and body lice, crabs

- contact precautions until effective tx

44
Q

RSV

A
  • INCUBATION: 1-10 days
  • droplet/contact precautions
  • infects all ages, resp distress usually in young children & other immunocompromised populations
  • Common HAI on peds units
45
Q

Gonorrhea

A

-INCUBATION: 2-7 days
-S/S: male-penile drainage
female- urethritis, PID
-standard precautions
-Gram stain & culture, antigen testing

46
Q

Herpes Simplex 2

A
  • INCUBATION: 2-12 days
  • blisters of lesions (mouth, perianal, fingers)
  • Contact Precautions for neonatal infection or disseminated blisters until lesions are dry and crusted
  • C-section if active vaginal infection to prevent neonatal exposure during birth
47
Q

Syphillis

A

-INCUBATION: 10 days-3 months
-Painless chancre & lymph nodes
-maculopapular rash
-can be latent for years
-RPR or VDRL tests
Standard precautions

48
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • INCUBATION: hours to 5 days
  • 25% males asymptomatic
  • Females: cervical discharge, pelvic pain
  • Standard precautions
49
Q

Gram Stain

A
  • classifies gram negative or gram positive
  • cell wall pepridoglycans - gram positive
  • gram positive - blue dye
  • gram negative - red dye
50
Q

Tuberculosis testing

A
  • Acid fast bacilli sputum or BAL specimen
  • CXR - identifies extent of disease
  • TST - shows presence of TB infection (previous or acute) may be slightly positive for atypical mycobacterium infections, e.g. M avium
  • Quantiferon gold -
51
Q

Tuberculosis treatment

A
  • usually treated 6-12 months, 18 months if HIV positive

- usually 4-5 medications regimen: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethabutamol, streptomycin

52
Q

Sputum culture validity

A

-fewer than 10 epithelial cells

53
Q

AFB cultures

A

first morning specimens for 3 days maximizes optimum results

54
Q

ESBL

A
  • extended spectrum beta lactamase

- MDRO due to microorganism enzyme that resists antimicrobials, usually penicillins and cephalosporins

55
Q

MRSA colonization testing

A

-usually determined by PCR of nares, axilla, or perianal area

56
Q

H. pylori

A
  • gram negative

- associated with peptic ulcers

57
Q

Gram Stain

A
  • classifies gram negative or gram positive
  • cell wall pepridoglycans - gram positive
  • gram positive - blue dye
  • gram negative - red dye
58
Q

Aerobic

A

needs oxygen

59
Q

anaerobic

A

does not need oxygen

60
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A
  • INCUBATION: 1-3 days

- disease caused with very small amount of inoculums

61
Q

E. coli

A
  • Enterotoxin producing

- traveler’s diarrhea

62
Q

Ova & Parasites

A

-best found with fresh stool specimen e.g., Giardia, toxoplasmosis, etc.

63
Q

Wound cultures

A

-results more valid when drainage cultured after site cleaned

64
Q

Oxacillin

A

Used to determine methicillin sensitivity

65
Q

Dialysis fluids

A
  • should be tested for microorganisms

- other routine environmental cultures not usually recommended

66
Q

MIC

minimum inhibitory concentration

A

-susceptibility test that determines least amount of antibiotic (per millimeter) that impedes organism growth

67
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A
  • Neisseria, Enterococcus

- most rods and spirochetes

68
Q

TB treatment

A
  • 4 drug regimen
  • Susceptibility testing on isolates
  • 6 drug regimen in geographic locations with resistant strains
  • Direct observed therapy
69
Q

Bacterial spores

A

-“protect” bacteria in adverse conditions allowing growth

70
Q

positive TB skin test

A
  • Prior exposure to M. tuberculosis
  • Prior BCG vaccination
  • Cross-reactivity to skin test antigens
71
Q

Immune changes in elderly

A
  • Delayed hypersensitivity
  • Defense against foreign antigens
  • Increased serum levels of IgG and IgA

CIC (8 decks)

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