Churchill 1929-1950 Flashcards
to revise Churchill
what was Churchill’s view on the British Raj?
Believed it was the jewel in the crown(highly pro colonialism)
why was WW1 significant to India?
it was significant to India because of the amount of deaths and people believed that India deserved independence becuase of it.
why was 1919 a turning point in India
due to the protests at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar which after the Rowlatt act was passed allowing police to arrest anyone to deter nationalism in India. this led to 1500 deaths and a turning point for independence
What did the Rowlatt act of 1919 come instead of?
The Montague-Chelmsford reform which would allow more power to India in self governance.
what did the Balfour declaration 1926 do?
gave dominion status to many colonies such as Canada,Australia and New Zealand ect but ignored India
what did the Government of India act 1935 do?
1.gave further government autonomy both locally and provincially
2.established a federal court
3.extended voting franchise representation increased from 7 to 35 million
(however, Britian still firmly in control)
Churchill firmly opposed the act
what was Churchill’s view on the Monarchy
highly in support for the Monarchy
what was the Monarchy like in 1910-1936
highly respected by the middle class gave
regular broadcasts to the nation
showed strength during WW1
showed stability
What was Edward VIII like?
liked older women
was neurotic
unstable
accustomed to parties of the 1920s
not politically neutral. loyal to the will and vote of the people
admired Nazi’s and supported early Hitler’s work
what were the events of Edward VIII’s abdication ?
Edward fell in love with Wallis Simpson(who was an American that was twice divorced)
believed she was marrying for power and not love
committed to protecting values in front of people(opposed to divorce)
why were the government worried about Simpson?
about her potential associations with germany and purposes of the marriage
what did Neville Chamberlain think about Simpson?
that she was “exploiting him for her own purposes”
was churchill aware of his position?
yes i beleive he was because he was aware of his “independent and unofficial position”
what did people think of Churchill about his beliefs surrounding monarchy?
that he seemed rooted in the past as he was deeply supportive of monarchy.
What was Churchill’s view on the Third reich?
despised its racism, the conduct of the NSDAP in killing oponents.
Why was Churchill scared about the Nazi’s?
was a part of the WW1 government and scared that history may be repeated. however, was ignored due to reputation.
how did the Treaty of Versailles limit Germany.
100,000 man army
demilitarised the Rhineland
no air force
small navy: 6 Battleships 0 submarines
why did Hitler resent the Weimar government?
he believed in Dolchtoss “ the stab in the back myth and due to agreements made in the interwar period.
what was Hitler’s background?
believed he was German served during WW1. after this he clung onto the Army and started spying for the government.
How did Hitler Join Anton Drexler’s DAP?
was spying on them for the army and became invested in their ideas. then he ousted Drexlewr
How did Hitler come into prominence and later power in Germany?
1.after he wrote Mein Kampf in prison after being charged with treason the party reorganised in Bamberg
2.he then became the vice Chancellor for Franz Von papen as his party the NSDAP or Nazi party was the largest
3.the Reichstag fire in 1933 gave Hitler emergency powers to bypass the government in the Reichstag through the enabling act
What kept peace in Interwar Europe?
- the treaty of versailles
- the league of nations 1920
- the locarno pact 1925
- the Kellog-Briand pact 1928
what was the Treaty of Versailles 1919?
was designed to prevent another war
blamed germany
forced reparations
what was the League of Nations 1920?
it was a group of nations which aimed to prevent war through collective security and disarmament. aimed to settle disputes as well as Labour conditions, just treatment of Natives,the arms trade,global health, prisoners of war and the protection of minorities. Brain child of Woodrow Wilson
what was the Locarno pact 1925?
this pact secured borders after the war
ensured permanent demilitarisation of the Rhineland laid foundations for Germanies admission to the league of nations. Streseman believe that it would instill confidence in German people and other European nations
Kellog-Briand pact 1928
to outlaw war as a method to alleviate international disputes and the French aimed to tie American might to Europe.
when was Germany allowed to join the league of nations and why ?
in 1926 and because of Foreign Secretary Gustav Streseman’s reputation.
Who were the original signatories of the Locarno pact?
Britain,France,Italy and Germany
who were most important of the signatories of the Kellog-Briand pact?
Germany,France,Italy, United States, Japan and United Kingdom were the most important of the 15 original signatories
why did the Treaty of Versailles fail?
started to be dismantled in 1933 as soon as Hitler’s power began with must rearmament
why did the league of nations fail?
didn’t have a standing army so powerless.
examples of this are the invasion of Abyssinia 1935 and the invasion of Manchuria 1930 both were unopposed b
why did the Locarno pact fail?
believed that it was the Weimar republic bowing to the allies and it was hated by Hitler even more than TOV
why did the Kellog Briand pact fail?
even though had Germany,Italy and Japan as signatories it was frequenlty ignored
what is the Anschluss and when did it occur?
this is when Germany joined with Austria “diplomatically” it happened 1938
after Austria what country did Germany exerted its pressure on?
Czechoslovakia and more specifically the Sudetenland.
what is appeasement?
it is making concessions towards dictatoral powers in order to stop conflict
what was Chamberlain’s view on appeasement?
saw the policy of reating and negoitation to events as dangerous.
his solution was to accept that Germany had grievances and negotiate rationally about them
He believed that coming to a agreement would reduce chances of war and give Britain preparation time
What was Chamberlain’s solution?
to negotiate with Germany proactively and only prepare for war if appeasement failed.
what was the majority opinion in the Conservative party
the majority opinion was the opinion which was held by Chamberlain that appeasement was needed?
what was the Agreement in which Britain appeased Germany and allowed them to invade Czechoslovakia?
the munich agreement 1938
What was Churchill’s response to appeasement?
Churchill responded with the quote “you were given the choice between war and dishonour, you chose dishonour and will have war”
What was Churchill’s reputation pre 1940?
known for failure in Galipoli
main support on the fringes of Conservative party and extremists
disliked by the Queen Mother due to stance on Abdication crisis
was in his 60s so could be considered unfit to lead
overbearing as first lord of the admiralty
why did the Norway campaign failure lead to Chamberlain’s vote of no confidence?
as it was a failure because of the lack of adequate equipment and
what Did Leo Amery quote in the vote of no confidence about Chamberlain?
he quoted Oliver Cromwell and the father of the house David Llyod George said that it was the most convincing speech he had seen in fifty years
what were the Problems for Britain on may 28th 1940?
Japanese pressure on possessions in south east asia
Dunkirk 300,000 troops surrounded
threats of Italian entry to the war
Halifax attempting to negoitate with Hitler undermining resolve for war
gold running out
fear of large scale bombing
what was the situation in June 1940?
240,000 troops evacuated from dunkirk
Air defence increasingly possible
Halifax appeals to USA rejected
Halifax’s want to find germanies peace terms through italy rejected
what was Halifax’s aims in finding peace with Germany
to see whether it was essential for national survival to continue fighting
What was Churchill’s stance towards war?
he was confident in the prospect of victory.
What shaped Churchill’s relationship with generals?
wanted to influence how war fought,but generals aware of his failures i.e Galipoli
little experience in planning and strategy and no experience in naval strategy
relished in influencing strategy
of war
was troop but not commander
what was the relationship like between Churchill and Brooke
different with temperament but disagreed less with major decisions.clashed due to Churchill’s strong opinions
what was the relationship between Churchill and Montgomery?
won over churchill with self confidence but issues arose over amount of time taken to follow up victory
what was relationship between Wavell and Churchill
gave little credit and disliked him personally and the issues which arose is that Churchill didn’t give enough time to Wavell to prepare.
what was the relationship between Dill and Churchill
very bad and issues arose over the idea from churchill to invaide france again jsut before it fell
