Church History Puritan to 2nd Awakening Flashcards by Amanda Fuls

What type of government do Puritans advocate?

Presbyterian form of government, no bishops, led by clergy and laity.

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What practices did Puritans eliminate?

Clerical investments, wedding rings, kneeling for eucharist.

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What is the Puritan stance on the authority of scripture?

Clear difference on the authority of scripture and tradition must be found in scripture.

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What significant event regarding Puritan legislation occurred in the 1570s?

Puritans fought to get favorable legislations.

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What are classes in the context of Puritanism?

Formed presbyteries or little churches.

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What were prophesyings in Puritan practice?

Preach sermons and feedback; laity came to learn the faith.

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By the late 1580s, what was the sentiment among some Puritans?

Some were giving up hope for reform, leading to separatism.

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What was the Puritan approach to preaching and pastoring?

Efforts into preaching and pastoring aimed to reform one congregation at a time.

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How did Puritans view Calvinism?

Not against Calvinism, but broad inclusiveness and united through the liturgy.

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Who became James I of England in 1603?

James VI of Scotland.

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What changes did James I agree to in relation to the Church?

Changed to the Book of Prayer and publication of the Bible (KJV).

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What happened in England regarding Puritans in the 1620s?

England was moving away from Puritans.

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What significant appointment occurred in 1633 related to Puritan persecution?

William Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, leading to persecution of Puritans.

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What is the Puritan view of God?

Held to a view of God that is transcendent and sovereign.

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What does T stand for in the tenets of Calvinism?

Total depravity.

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What does U stand for in the tenets of Calvinism?

Unconditional election.

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What does L stand for in the tenets of Calvinism?

Limited atonement.

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What does I stand for in the tenets of Calvinism?

Irresistible grace.

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What does P stand for in the tenets of Calvinism?

Perseverance of the saints.

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What is the Puritan understanding of true faith?

Involves a delicate balance of reason and emotion, strong mind and a warm heart.

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What are the five stages of Christian experience according to Puritans?

Election
Vocation
Justification
Sanctification
Glorification

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What is the Puritan view on reading the scriptures and prayer?

Emphasized reading the scriptures, prayer, and hearing the word proclaimed.

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What is the Puritan view of the Bible?

High view; scriptural warrant for all practices in the church.

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What does the Covenant of Works entail?

Contract between God and humanity; condition of perfect and personal obedience.

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What is the Covenant of Grace?

Elect could receive saving grace in return for their faith.

What is the Puritan understanding of a church?

A covenant group of visible saints; each congregation is autonomous.

What does the social covenant entail?

Agreement between ruler and subject; government exists by a covenant with God.

What was the significance of the Great Migration?

Massachusetts Bay Colony; not separatists but aimed to reform the church.

Who was John Winthrop?

He envisioned a Model of Christian Charity, aiming to build a holy commonwealth.

What were the requirements for church membership in Puritan towns?

Members had to agree to doctrine, demonstrate they were of the elect.

What was the role of pastors in Puritan congregations?

Called by the congregation, paid by the town, and responsible for teaching doctrine.

What was the structure of Puritan worship?

Involved scripture reading, singing, long sermons, and communal meals.

What was 'Holy Watching'?

Private admonition involving elders for behavior correction.

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

A significant Puritan theologian and preacher during the Great Awakening.

What was the focus of Edwards' 'Religious Affections'?

True religion consists in holy affections; faith is an act of the whole person.

What is the main idea of Edwards' 'Freedom of the Will'?

Human choice is dominated by motives, and apart from grace, we choose evil.

What does Wesley's Quadrilateral refer to?

* Bible * Experience * Reason * Tradition

What is Wesley's view on justification?

Does not mean we have made righteous; it is Christ's righteousness imputed to us.

What was Wesley's emphasis on sanctification?

Christian perfection/entire sanctification is possible.

What is the significance of assurance in Wesley's theology?

Assurance is given by the Holy Spirit and is not a guarantee of steadfastness.

What was the role of the Great Awakening?

A religious revival that rekindled faith across America.

Who was George Whitefield?

A key figure in the Great Awakening who traveled and preached widely.

What did John Wesley establish in America?

Methodist Episcopal Church with bishops and presbyters of the same order.

What happened in 1791 related to Methodism?

Wesley died; Methodists eventually broke away after his death.

What is the perfect will of God?

God has promised God is able to perform and willing to do it now ## Footnote Any other claim denies the power of God

What is Assurance in the context of faith?

Assurance is given by the holy spirit, divine authenticating conviction ## Footnote It rejects the perseverance of the saints

What does repentance signify?

Awareness of a vast change in life

What is the Fruit of the Spirit?

Newness to seek and do God’s will

What is the gift of the Spirit that brings freedom?

Allows one to know they belong to God

Is assurance a guarantee for future steadfastness?

No, it is not a guarantee that the one who has assurance will remain steadfast

Can one lose their salvation?

Yes, it is possible to backslide

Who is invited to the Eucharist?

All who earnestly want to repent

Who established the Eucharist?

Jesus Christ

What are the three dimensions of the Eucharist?

* Past - memorial ‘Do this in remembrance of me’ * Future - the banquet we look forward to in heaven * Present - Jesus the Lord is present with us

What role does the Holy Spirit play in the Eucharist?

To turn this into Christ's body and blood

What is meant by 'visible word'?

It can convert and sanctify

What is the new view of nature in Enlightenment thought?

A revealer of truth and reason as a means for disclosing that truth

How does nature serve as a source of truth?

Through the scientific method, instead of the lens of scripture

What is the shift in the view of humanity during the Enlightenment?

No longer dependent on the ancient but shifts to the new; autonomous and self-determining

What is Deism?

God sets the rules and steps back

What did Henry May say about the Enlightenment?

Moderate Enlightenment emphasized balance, order, and progress

What did John Locke argue regarding knowledge?

All knowledge comes from experience, sensation, or reflection upon experience

What is the reasonable approach to Christianity according to Enlightenment thinkers?

Christianity is a plain, simple religion focusing on moral living and forgiveness

Who was Charles Chauncy?

A pastor of First Church in Boston and leader of Old Light; Anti-rivialist

What does God's unity focus on?

The Oneness of God

What is the Universalist belief regarding salvation?

All folks will finally be saved

What is the central theme of Skeptical Enlightenment?

Skepticism, doubt, and witt

What did David Hume question?

Cause and effect; assumed historical presumption of causality

What is the view on miracles according to David Hume?

Miracles likely did not and do not happen

What was Benjamin Franklin's approach to morality?

If it works for you, then fine; chart to pursue moral perfection

What characterized the Revolutionary Enlightenment?

New Heaven and New Earth; happiness, goodness of humanity

What did Thomas Jefferson emphasize in his version of Christianity?

Simple Religion of Jesus focused on moral guidelines

What did the 2nd Great Awakening respond to?

The moral and religious decline post-American Revolution

What was the significance of Timothy Dwight’s preaching?

Revivalism at Yale, leading to increased church membership

Who were key figures in the Revivalism of the Southern Frontier?

* James McGready * Barton Stone

What characterized the emotional outbursts during the revival meetings?

Sharing experiences of how God worked in their life

What was the impact of Methodism during the late 1800s?

Explosion of popularity, with membership rising significantly

What is the Methodist emphasis on religion experience?

Salvation was open to all, emphasizing prevenient grace