church history final part two Flashcards
signed in 1648, confirmed Peace of Ausburg - granted religious tolerance; decimated the Holy Roman Empire
Treaty of Westphalia and its major provisions
king louis XIII
made an interesting political move where he backed protestanst over catholics in order to make France the dominant power and reduce Holy Roman Empire’e power
four gallican articles
independent of pope and church councils
edict of nantes
ended wars of religion, gave religious freedom
civil constitution of clergy
removed the rights of the catholic clergy during the french revolution, many refused to sign leading to many clergy martyred
Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, Pope Gregory XV
created to send missionaries to the new world
Pope Pius IX/”Pio Nono”
proclaimed dogma of Immaculate Conception
Daniel O’Connell
First Catholic in the British Parliament (1828-30)
Charles Darwin/Social Darwinism
wrote the origin of species
rerum novarum
author was Leo XIII
“Kulturkampf” and German Unifiication
attempt to dominate the church in order to promote german culture
Law of Guarantees/The Roman Question
stripped the pope of the papal state
vatican I
did not declare that everything the pope says is infallible
(1915-1968) was a English teacher then became a priest. He was a monk. Also he was a American Catholic writer and he wrote many books. Such as: Seven Strong Mountains.
thomas merton
born November 8, 1897. Her family never went to Church growing up. When she grew older she became more interested in the Bible which allowed her faith to grow. Her contributions were: help in the Catholic workers movement. She made her last appearance in the Catholic Church. She died of a heart attack on November 29 1980.
dorothy day
She did religious work. She was a missionary sister of the Sacred heart. Established 67 houses. Also she is the saint of immigrants.
Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini
charles carroll
only catholic to sign declaration of independence, big advocate for religious freedom
born December 18, 1819. He grew up Protestant. He studied. Philoophy and that is what he chose to learn about. He was famous because of the speeches in the streets. He was then baptized. He became famous and converted many immigrants. Next, he became a priest and went to Rome to speak. He founded Paulist Priests.
isaac hecker
born on March 28, 1811, died Jan. 5 1860. He became a priest and eventually a bishop. Became a Redemptorist. He built churches, schools in Philadelphia. Was able to listen to confessions in 6 different languages. He established diocesan program called 40 hours. Established two catechisms. He was big on Catholic education.
John Neumann
Born on November 27 1713. He became a novice then a priest. Tried to convert Native Americans. Died after 97 years. Became a saint. He studied philoposhy. He built 9 out of 21 California missions.
st. Junipero serra
Discuss the event that gave birth to the Protestant Reformation. Include the people involved, the event, etc. Explain the reaction of the Church to Luther’s teaching.
In 1517, Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses which speak of the corruption in the church and the reform needed for the Roman Catholic Church; one of them detailed the corruption of indulgences which was a practice of the church that were tickets out of purgatory to heaven, luther described them as false promises of forgiveness. Johann Tetzel was a friar who was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome by selling indulgences. Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s right to judge. Unfortunately, he gave people the impression that by buying indulgences, they could buy their way into heaven. Pope Leo X, the one who sold indulgences in order to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the church; condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so; banned his ideas and excommunicated him from the church. Luther’s idea of salvation derived from St Paul who said “the just shall live by faith”. Luther said the way to heaven was inner faith not outward actsLuther claimed the bible was the supreme authority, not the pope. He was helped by the printing press to spread his ideas across Europe.
How did Rerum Novarum respond to communism and unregulated capitalism in the 1880s?
It responded to class warfare negatively; the working class and wealthy class are intended to be in conflict is wrong, they should be in harmony. The two classes need each other, capitol cannot do without labor and nor labor without capitol. The church believes in private ownership; private ownership is permitted because if man works & cultivates the land, he should possess that piece of land and own it with no one being justified in taking it away.
The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (Sacrosanctum Concilium)
- Addresses the changes in the liturgy/mass
- “All the faithful should be lead to that fully conscious and active participation in liturgical celebrations” (1963)
Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum)
- Speaks of revelation as, above all, a personal interaction between God and humanity
- Recognizes that there is growth in our understanding of revelation
- The document acknowledges the contributions of Scripture scholar
- Encourages all the faithful to read the Bible and apply it to their daily lives
