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CH502 > Church History > Flashcards

Church History Flashcards

1
Q

First confession during the Reformation

A

67 Articles (1523) - Zwingli

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2
Q

Zwingli’s Theology

A
  1. Emphasized Creator rather than creatures (Creator/creature distinction from the fathers)
  2. Providence rather than chance (providence disallows any works-based faith; Zwingli holds to double predestination but is not a hyper-calvinist)
  3. Holy Scripture rather than human tradition
  4. True religion rather than ceremonial piety
  5. External kingdom rather than privatized morality
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3
Q

Semper Reformanda

A
  • Sola scriptura
  • sola fide
  • sola gratia
  • solus christus
  • soli de gloria
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4
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

(1534) delcared the kind the supreme head of the Church of England (Henry VIII)

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5
Q

KVJ published in

A

1611

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6
Q

Six Article Act

A

Protestants called it the bloody whip with 6 strings

  • transubstantiation
  • clerical celibacy
  • communion of one kind (bread only)
  • sanctity of priestly vows
  • private masses
  • auricular confession
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7
Q

Roger Williams

A

(on Puritan Pilgrims)
you can’t force people to believe, people need the liberty of their own soul to believe; commented on the irony that the people picked up the sword they had just escaped from

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8
Q

Kenneth Collins

A

other historians are too focused on the theme of grace in Wesley’s theology, but he thinks it’s more holiness and grace

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9
Q

Charles Finney

A

father of second great awakening

-HS is needed for salvation but not for revival

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10
Q

Bebbington

A

parameters on what evangelicalism is: Biblicism, crucicentrism, conversionism, activisism

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11
Q

Vatican I

A

(1870) called by Pius IX to deal with issues of modernity
(1) papal infallibility: only when speaking ex cathedra about matters of faith and practice
(2) Holy, Catholic, Apostolic, Roman Church

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12
Q

Vatican II

A

(1962-1965) John XXIII

  1. Mass conducted in vernacular
  2. Lay people given more influence into the day to day operations of the church (classic divide between clergy and laity was not as pronounced)
  3. List of banned books was abolished; theologians were free to explore
  4. Affirmed the superiority of Scripture over Tradition
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13
Q

Why study history?

A 
Scripture is history
To avoid chronological snobbery
Learn to read the Bible
Models of Imitation
For the Glory of God
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14
Q

Christ and culture

A

against, of, above, and culture in paradox, Christ the transformer of culture

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15
Q

Curialism

A

theory of church government that invested supreme authority, both temporal and spiritual, in the hand of the papacy

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16
Q

Conciliarism

A

affirmed the superiority of ecumenical councils over the pope in the governance and reform of the church.

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17
Q

Diet of Augsburg (1518)

A
  • appeared before Cardinal Cajetan
  • staunch in his view of the supreme authority of Scripture
  • Cajetan says the pope is above Scripture
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18
Q

Leizpig Disputation (1519)

A
  • debated Johan Eck

- Luther was accused of being a Hussite

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19
Q

Exsurge Domini

A

(1520) gave Luther 60 days to recant or be excommunicated

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20
Q

Docet Romanum Pontificem

A

(1521) officially excommunicated

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21
Q

Diet of Worms

A

(1521) Are these your books? Do you recant?

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22
Q

Three political providences that helped the Reformation

A
  • Proud German Princes
  • Backdoor politicking and shifting political allegiances
  • Turks in the East
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23
Q

Main points of 95 Theses

A

justification by faith, priesthood of the believer, sola scriptura, word and sacrament

24
Q

Other Luther doctrines

A

Sola Scriptura, not nuda scriptura
Simul justus et peccator
Word and Sacrament

25
Q

2 things that shaped Zwingli

A
  • Patriotism

- Erasmian Humanism

26
Q

Who championed the idea of ad fontes?

A

Zwingli

27
Q

Marburg Colloquy

A

(1529) Zwingli and Luther meet
- called by Philip of Hesse
- agreed on 14 of 15 items
- for Luther, the issue of the Lord’s Supper was christological

28
Q

How Calvin prepared for sermons

A

(1) he read what others had written on the text to establish the consensus on the interpretation. He spent a lot of time in the Fathers, looking at their interpretations.
(2) he considered what teaching was contained in the text and how he could teach it so that it was memorable
(3) he applied to text to the life of his people, thinking about how he might drive it into their consciences

29
Q

When did Anabaptism begin?

A

1525 Grebel baptized Manz in Zurich (and it morphed as it spread)

30
Q

George Williams, The Radical Reformation, threefold division of Anabaptism:

A
  • The Bible is the final authority
  • Wanted to restore the church to the apostolic age
  • Associated with the Swiss Brethren

Conrad Grebel and Michael Sattler

31
Q

Schleitheim Articles

A

Sattler
Main ideas—separation from the world, purity in the church
Sattler was brutally tortured and burned. His wife was drowned.

32
Q

Menno

A

-Came about a decade late to the party. A Catholic priest led out of the Catholic church by:
Transubstantiation
Infant Baptism
The death of his brother, Peter Simons, in a bloody revolution

-The Fundamentals of Christianity

33
Q

Spiritualists

A
  • Premium placed on the subjective experience of the Spirit
  • Tended towards apocalypticism which led to violence
  • We may want to call them Revolutionaries more than Radicals
  • Under Melchior Hoffman (c. 1495-1543) there was revolt. He had become convinced that he was Elijah and that the world would end in 1533 (0r 1534). His followers were Melchiorites
  • John Hut and John Denck
34
Q

Rationalists

A
  • They were the radicals, rejecting much of Christian orthodoxy
  • Most often they denied the Trinity and eternal divinity of Christ
  • Servetus’s most important work was The Restitution of Christianity (1553)
  • Servetus and Faust (Faustus)
35
Q

Simons key doctrines

A
  • Believer’s Baptism
  • Original sin
  • All of grace, but strongly denied predestination and bondage of the will
  • Salvation is by grace, yet works are important. Critiqued Luther for calling James a strawy epistle.
  • Scripture
36
Q

Two main Catholic groups during Counter-Reformation

A

Spirituali—sympathetic to Protestants

Zealanti—wanted to squash the insolent Protestants

37
Q

Trent

A
  • denied justification by faith alone

- Scripture and Tradition have equal authority

38
Q

Cranmer

A

“the true architect of the Protestantization of England.” (Woodbridge)

Cranmer did three things to make this happen:
Book of Common Prayer,
Forty-two Articles
Reworking of English canon law

39
Q

Queen Mary I: Mary Tudor, “Bloody Mary”

A

(1554) restored Catholicism in England and heavily persecuted Protestants

40
Q

Themes of Puritanism

A
  1. Spiritual
  2. experiencing communion with God
  3. dependence upon the Bible as their supreme source of spiritual substance and guide for the reformation of life
  4. predominantly Augustinian in their emphasis upon human sinfulness and divine grace.
  5. emphasis upon the work of the Holy Spirit in the believer’s life
  6. deeply troubled with the sacramental forms of Catholic spirituality fostered with the Anglican Church
  7. a revival movement.
41
Q

Pietism

A

orthopathy (right feelings)
orthopraxy (right living)
orthodoxy (right believing)

42
Q

Pia Desideria

A

Spener (pietist)

  1. The earnest and thorough study of the Bible in private meetings, ecclesiolae in ecclesia (“little churches within the church”).
  2. The Christian priesthood being universal, the laity should share in the spiritual government of the Church.
  3. A knowledge of Christianity must be attended by the practice of it as its indispensable sign and supplement.
  4. Instead of merely didactic, and often bitter, attacks on the heterodox and unbelievers, a sympathetic and kindly treatment of them.
  5. A reorganization of the theological training of the universities, giving more prominence to the devotional life.
  6. A different style of preaching, namely, in the place of pleasing rhetoric, the implanting of Christianity in the inner or new man, the soul of which is faith, and its effects the fruits of life
43
Q

Pietists

A

Francke, Ludwig, Bengel

44
Q

Contribution of Pietism

A

Inward, experiential nature of Christianity
Tolerant, irenic Christianity
Visible Christianity
Active Christianity

45
Q

Bradford

A

First governor
“Of Plymouth Plantation”
God’s providence

46
Q

Puritan reasons for leaving

A
  1. Freedom to believe
  2. Wisdom to see the future
  3. For their children
  4. Missions
47
Q

Religious Affections (Edwards): 12 negative signs

A

Intense emotion.
A physical reaction to emotion.
Talking with fluency or eagerness about spiritual things.
Emotions not excited by self-effort.
Emotions accompanied by Bible verses.
Emotions with the appearance of a fullness of love.
Experiencing many different kinds of emotions.
The joy and comfort of religious experiences.
Time and effort spent on religion.
Verbal expressions of praise.
Self-confidence.
Being able to please and inspire others.

48
Q

Edwards Freedom of the Will

A

The Will: “that by which the mind chooses anything”
Distinction between “Natural Ability” and “Moral Ability”
Freedom of Inclination, which allows him to be a compatibilist, not a determinist
Example of the Two Prisoners

49
Q

Aldersgate

A

Wesley 1738

50
Q

Reason’s for Wesley’s influence on Methodism

A 
John Wesley himself
Love of God
New Birth
Holiness
Open-Air Preaching
Organization
A Holistic Approach
Hymns
51
Q

Wesleyan Quadrilateral

A

Scripture
Tradition
Reason
Experience

52
Q

Keys to Wesley’s theology

A

Grace
“Responsible grace” (Randy Maddox)
Holiness and Grace (Kenneth Collins)

53
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Radical New Lights
Old Lights
Old Calvinists
Congregationalists (or New Divinity, or ‘moderate’ New Lights)

54
Q

Finney

A

Second Great Awakening

Lectures on Revivals (1835)
Lectures on Systematic Theology (1846)

“religion is the work of man” and that revival “is not a miracle” but “the result of the right use of the appropriate means.”
“New Measures”

55
Q

Influences on Pentecostalism

A

John Wesley’s sermons, Charles Wesley’s hymns, and John Fletcher’s theology shaped the matrix of early Methodism.”

56
Q

Palmer

A

Pentecostal, Holiness Movement

Baptism in the HS
Entire sanctification (non-sanctified believers might not be real believers)
Argued that women can preach b/c of the gift of prophesy

CH502 (3 decks)

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