Church and State - Henry VII & VIII Flashcards
Church reformations (1485-1509)
challenged medival practice of privilege of scatuary & oath of abjuration
- Church as a source of income - send bishops away from their diocese to another - regalian rights (receive the income from vacant estates / bishopric / abbacy) - not taxed and encourage to donate gifts
Church/ Relgious reformations (1509-1547)
Henry VIII desire began in ‘27
- Benefit of Clergy (1512) limited no. of ofeences trued in ecclesiastical court + no. of times it could be claimed
- Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532) - eco reform payments to Rome suspended
Act in the Restraint of Appeals (1533) - People could not turn to the Pope to overturn Henry’s rulings on the church
-Submission of the Clergy (1532) - first public step to accepting the King, over the Pope
-Act of succession (1534) - the oath of supremacy was made compulsory - intended to avoid the possibility of civil war
-Act of dissolution of lesser monasteries (1536) - tested people’s reactions to closing governments as smaller monasteries were less likely to command political support
-Act of ten articles (1536) - major move away from catholic beliefs
-Act of six articles (1539) - radical shift backwards to catholic practices injunctions to the clergy (1536/38) - discouraged superstitious practices such as pilgrimages - laws on transubstantiation
Role before 1529
Source fo edu. and learning
Performed marriages and funerals
Provide an opportunity to climb social ladder
-Source of aims for the poor (Aim = money, food or orher material goods for poor)
Church-State relations before 1529
Conflict: disagreements of powers
(benefits of clergy and sanctuary)
tensions about Papal Foreign intervention
1515 - anti clerical felling parliament worsened by Hunne Affair (focus on power and corruption of the Church)
Harmony: few reformations regarding religion
Overall relationship harmonious post 1529
Act of Supremacy 1534
- Defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England
- Heads of religious orders had to take an oath recognising the king as the Supreme Head
- Those who didn’t take this oath were labelled traitors
- Made it clear who was against Henry
Consequences of Act of Supremacy
Power of the monarch and parliament
Henry and Cromwell reinforced royal sovereignty
Gave the supremacy the authority of statute law - those who disobeyed it can be punished
Enhanced power of parliament - future monarchs would have to call parliament to change Acts passed in 1530s
Paved the way for The Treason Act
Relationship between Church and State
Reinforced royal control over the english church
Ensured allegiance of clergymen to Henry and not the papacy
1535 - Cromwell appointed as Vicegerent in Spirituals
Finances, administration and legal powers of the church are now directly under the control of Henry VIII
Consequences of Dissolution of Monastries 1535
- Money - monastic lands and property returned to crown - acquired 1.3 mil from former monastic estates
- Patronage from the church - powers of patronage transferred from the clergy to the squires and gentry who owned lands which they could sell or work people on
- Allegiance of nobility - land was sold to nobility (Cecil and Spencer) - increased monarch’s control and incentivised nobility to maintain the break with Rome
- Influence of Rome - monasteries and their allegiance to the Pope disappeared - this increased the control of the monarchy (reinforced the Act of Supremacy 1534) and the Pope’s influence was diminishe
Act of Six Articles 1539
-Pace of religious changes decreased as Henry was not a reformer
-He was having second thoughts about how far he wanted religious changes to go
-This was a radical change in the other direction for Henry VIII
-Reinforced Catholic doctrines on transubstantiation and celibacy
-Mass could be held in private
Banned several protestant practices such as priests being allowed to marry
