Chunk Two Flashcards
outcome measure
objective evaluation of the influence of interventions on the client’s performance
when possible and applicable, measurement should be taken at the beginning, during, and at the end of intervention
advantages of standardized testing
scores can be understood by interprofessional team
tools are often widely available
uniform administration, scoring, and interpretation of results
can help monitor progress over time
can contribute to quality improvement adn evidence-based practice
disadvantages of standardized testing
must be combined with qualitative and other assessment methods to complete a comprehensive evaluation
multiple internal and external variables can impact performance on test and affect results
rigidity of administration may negatively influence the results
standardization sample
a large sample of people who represent the intended population for a test
referred to as a norm group
standard score
a score used in standardized testing, also referred to as z-values and z-scores that is used to make comparisons across variables and across population or individuals
scales of measurement
classification system used for quantifiable data
nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
descriptive statistics
provides insight into the general characteristics of data collected during a study
measure of central tendency
measure of variability
measures of central tendency
a value that describes the center point of a data set
mean median
mode
mean
a measure of central tendency, also known as an average score, that is calculated by finding the sum of all scores within a data set then dividing the sum by the total number of scores in teh data set
median
a measure of central tendency, also referred to as middle value, that is determined by placing all scores in numerical order and locating the number in the middle
mode
a measure of central tendency that refers to the value that occurs most frequently within a data set
measures of variability
the statistical value that represents how much the group varies from the mean, and the degree to which the data spreads across the distribution
variance
standard deviation
standard deviation
measures the distribution and variation of data points around the mean
error variance
factors or variables that cause a difference in standardized test scores:
environmental conditions, motivation, fatigue
developmental index score
score used in developmental testing with the following features:
mean score is 100
standard deviation of 15 or 16
intervention often beneficial if scores are 2 standard deviations below the mean
deviation IQ score
scores used for measurement of intelligence with the following features:
mean scores is 100
intellectual disability is considered 2 standard deviations below the mean
age-equivalent score
a score that compares a child’s performance to others in the same age range
chronological age
age of an individual since birth that is calculated by subtracting birth date from current date
corrected age
age calculation also referred to as adjusted age, that is applied to premature infants to consider achievement of developmental milestones
age is calculated by subtracting the weeks of prematurity from chronological sage
grade equivalent
a score that compares a student’s performance to a normative group of students at the same academic level
validity
the degree to which an assessment tool measures what it claims to be measuring
reliability
the degree to which an assessment tool produces consistent results when the same client is retested on separate occasions while external factors remain constant
construct validity
the degree to which an assessment tool measures specific constructs consistent to what it claims it measures
content validity
the degree to which items in an assessment are an accurate representation of all aspects of the domain being tested
criterion validity
the degree to which the results of an assessment predict performance ability another assessments that measure similar constructs
predicative validity
concurrent validity
correlation
a statistical term that refers to the measurement of the proximity of two distinct variables
sensitivity
a test’s ability to accurately detect impairments or decreased performance abilities ie true positive
specificity
a test’s ability to accurately detect functional and performance abilities ie: true negative
ceiling effect
a situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance differences at the to of the rating scale
floor effect
a situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance inferences at the bottom of the rating scale
testing bias
a bias that may occur when administering a standardized or nonstandardized assessment
person related bias
item bias
environment bias
person-related testing bias
an aspect of testing ias related to teh actions of teh evaluator or the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation ro a test and must be controlled to achieve optimal results in standardized and non-standardized testing
evaluator bias
test taker bias
evaluator bias
a type of testing bias that must be controlled during standardized and non-standardized testing and involves actions of the evaluator that influence the outcome of an evaluation or the test results
an evaluator who influences test results by imposing personal expectations
test-taker bias
a type of testing bias that must be controlled during standardized and non standardized testing and involves actions of the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation or the test results
a client who influences test results by providing false or misleading information
item bias
a type of testing bias that involves clients of similar performance abilities scoring differently when the same evaluation instrument or subtest is administered
environment bias
a type of testing bias that involves the degree to which the testing context is similar to the natural setting in which the task is typically performed
test-taker variables
factors that may impact the performance results of a client during the evaluation process
motivation
energy level
stress
rasch methodology
a hierarchal design used to develop a linear measurement scale within a standardized assessment
Likert Scales
a psychometric method, typically used in a questionnaire or survey that includes response options that progress in a linear direction
never -> always
prosthetist
specializes in evaluation fabrication and custom fitting of artificial limbs
interagency team
inclusive team of care professionals that includes the primary care team and outside agencies to optimize client outcome
beneficial during times of transition
mulitdisciplinary team
team in which health care providers perform professional roles and develops discipline specific goals independent of other team members
regular communication regarding client’s progress in discipline specific goals occur through written and verbal methods
inclusion outcome
full participation in school activities
supporting peer interactions
options for general educational curriculum
establishing an environment of respect and tolerance
supporting interaction within the community
transition target
occupation based service outcomes and goals used as part of the IEP to assist a student transitioning from high school to adult life
focuses: academic achievement employment integration community integration independent living
short term goal
referred to as the objective of a specific intervention includes the incremental sub-steps of an expected outcome
long term goal
the expected outcome of the intervention plan that is measurable and includes a time frame for completion
occupation based goal
method of indicating a measurable functional outcome based on client needs and priorities; includes a timeframe for completion
client centered goals
collaborative process of establishing goal to ensure fidelity between priorities that are meaningful and motivating to the client and the goals recommended by the therapist
occupational therapy outcomes
the expected overall change in a client’s performance and level of participation based on the interventions provided
early intervention
treatment delivery program where family centered services are delivered to infants and toddlers in natural settings to support development and minimize delays
