Chunk Two

Question 1

outcome measure

Answer 1

objective evaluation of the influence of interventions on the client’s performance

when possible and applicable, measurement should be taken at the beginning, during, and at the end of intervention

Question 2

advantages of standardized testing

Answer 2

scores can be understood by interprofessional team
tools are often widely available
uniform administration, scoring, and interpretation of results
can help monitor progress over time
can contribute to quality improvement adn evidence-based practice

Question 3

disadvantages of standardized testing

Answer 3

must be combined with qualitative and other assessment methods to complete a comprehensive evaluation
multiple internal and external variables can impact performance on test and affect results
rigidity of administration may negatively influence the results

Question 4

standardization sample

Answer 4

a large sample of people who represent the intended population for a test

referred to as a norm group

Question 5

standard score

Answer 5

a score used in standardized testing, also referred to as z-values and z-scores that is used to make comparisons across variables and across population or individuals

Question 6

scales of measurement

Answer 6

classification system used for quantifiable data

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

Question 7

descriptive statistics

Answer 7

provides insight into the general characteristics of data collected during a study

measure of central tendency
measure of variability

Question 8

measures of central tendency

Answer 8

a value that describes the center point of a data set

mean median
mode

Question 9

mean

Answer 9

a measure of central tendency, also known as an average score, that is calculated by finding the sum of all scores within a data set then dividing the sum by the total number of scores in teh data set

Question 10

median

Answer 10

a measure of central tendency, also referred to as middle value, that is determined by placing all scores in numerical order and locating the number in the middle

Question 11

mode

Answer 11

a measure of central tendency that refers to the value that occurs most frequently within a data set

Question 12

measures of variability

Answer 12

the statistical value that represents how much the group varies from the mean, and the degree to which the data spreads across the distribution

variance
standard deviation

Question 13

standard deviation

Answer 13

measures the distribution and variation of data points around the mean

Question 14

error variance

Answer 14

factors or variables that cause a difference in standardized test scores:
environmental conditions, motivation, fatigue

Question 15

developmental index score

Answer 15

score used in developmental testing with the following features:

mean score is 100
standard deviation of 15 or 16
intervention often beneficial if scores are 2 standard deviations below the mean

Question 16

deviation IQ score

Answer 16

scores used for measurement of intelligence with the following features:

mean scores is 100
intellectual disability is considered 2 standard deviations below the mean

Question 17

age-equivalent score

Answer 17

a score that compares a child’s performance to others in the same age range

Question 18

chronological age

Answer 18

age of an individual since birth that is calculated by subtracting birth date from current date

Question 19

corrected age

Answer 19

age calculation also referred to as adjusted age, that is applied to premature infants to consider achievement of developmental milestones

age is calculated by subtracting the weeks of prematurity from chronological sage

Question 20

grade equivalent

Answer 20

a score that compares a student’s performance to a normative group of students at the same academic level

Question 21

validity

Answer 21

the degree to which an assessment tool measures what it claims to be measuring

Question 22

reliability

Answer 22

the degree to which an assessment tool produces consistent results when the same client is retested on separate occasions while external factors remain constant

Question 23

construct validity

Answer 23

the degree to which an assessment tool measures specific constructs consistent to what it claims it measures

Question 24

content validity

Answer 24

the degree to which items in an assessment are an accurate representation of all aspects of the domain being tested

Question 25

criterion validity

Answer 25

the degree to which the results of an assessment predict performance ability another assessments that measure similar constructs predicative validity concurrent validity

Question 26

correlation

Answer 26

a statistical term that refers to the measurement of the proximity of two distinct variables

Question 27

sensitivity

Answer 27

a test's ability to accurately detect impairments or decreased performance abilities ie true positive

Question 28

specificity

Answer 28

a test's ability to accurately detect functional and performance abilities ie: true negative

Question 29

ceiling effect

Answer 29

a situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance differences at the to of the rating scale

Question 30

floor effect

Answer 30

a situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance inferences at the bottom of the rating scale

Question 31

testing bias

Answer 31

a bias that may occur when administering a standardized or nonstandardized assessment person related bias item bias environment bias

Question 32

person-related testing bias

Answer 32

an aspect of testing ias related to teh actions of teh evaluator or the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation ro a test and must be controlled to achieve optimal results in standardized and non-standardized testing evaluator bias test taker bias

Question 33

evaluator bias

Answer 33

a type of testing bias that must be controlled during standardized and non-standardized testing and involves actions of the evaluator that influence the outcome of an evaluation or the test results an evaluator who influences test results by imposing personal expectations

Question 34

test-taker bias

Answer 34

a type of testing bias that must be controlled during standardized and non standardized testing and involves actions of the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation or the test results a client who influences test results by providing false or misleading information

Question 35

item bias

Answer 35

a type of testing bias that involves clients of similar performance abilities scoring differently when the same evaluation instrument or subtest is administered

Question 36

environment bias

Answer 36

a type of testing bias that involves the degree to which the testing context is similar to the natural setting in which the task is typically performed

Question 37

test-taker variables

Answer 37

factors that may impact the performance results of a client during the evaluation process motivation energy level stress

Question 38

rasch methodology

Answer 38

a hierarchal design used to develop a linear measurement scale within a standardized assessment

Question 39

Likert Scales

Answer 39

a psychometric method, typically used in a questionnaire or survey that includes response options that progress in a linear direction never -> always

Question 40

prosthetist

Answer 40

specializes in evaluation fabrication and custom fitting of artificial limbs

Question 41

interagency team

Answer 41

inclusive team of care professionals that includes the primary care team and outside agencies to optimize client outcome beneficial during times of transition

Question 42

mulitdisciplinary team

Answer 42

team in which health care providers perform professional roles and develops discipline specific goals independent of other team members regular communication regarding client's progress in discipline specific goals occur through written and verbal methods

Question 43

inclusion outcome

Answer 43

full participation in school activities supporting peer interactions options for general educational curriculum establishing an environment of respect and tolerance supporting interaction within the community

Question 44

transition target

Answer 44

occupation based service outcomes and goals used as part of the IEP to assist a student transitioning from high school to adult life ``` focuses: academic achievement employment integration community integration independent living ```

Question 45

short term goal

Answer 45

referred to as the objective of a specific intervention includes the incremental sub-steps of an expected outcome

Question 46

long term goal

Answer 46

the expected outcome of the intervention plan that is measurable and includes a time frame for completion

Question 47

occupation based goal

Answer 47

method of indicating a measurable functional outcome based on client needs and priorities; includes a timeframe for completion

Question 48

client centered goals

Answer 48

collaborative process of establishing goal to ensure fidelity between priorities that are meaningful and motivating to the client and the goals recommended by the therapist

Question 49

occupational therapy outcomes

Answer 49

the expected overall change in a client's performance and level of participation based on the interventions provided

Question 50

early intervention

Answer 50

treatment delivery program where family centered services are delivered to infants and toddlers in natural settings to support development and minimize delays