Chunk Three Flashcards
stress thermometer
visual feedback scale used for assisting children identify and quantify emotions moods or perception of their behaviors
explicit instruction
most direct level of graded cueing that includes instruction in the next step required for a given activity
verbal instruction
a method in which a therapist gives brief directions to encourage a movement, guide a behavior, o rteach a skill
graded cue
varying levels of guidance to support activity performance and participation with modification adn adjustments to allow for progression towards independence, cues can be
visual
verbal
tactile
general cue
visual or verbal guidance to prompt self-monitoring and modification to performance
ie after bathing dry your feet before getting out of the tub
specific cue
level of graded cueing that includes visual, verbal or tactile prompt as a reminder to change behavior or action, used when general cue is ineffective
ie now that you are done bathing what do you do next
tactile cue
graded somatosensory prompt to facilitate a performance outcome through use of touch
redirection
a vebal cue or psychical action used to inform a client that it is time to attend a different task or activity
demonstration
a method used when teaching a client or caregiver in which the therapist performs a movement, behavior, or skill to support the learning process
return demonstration
a technique used to determine the extent to which a client has learned a particular skill that involves having the client perform the skill after observing task performance by the therapist
blocked practice
a method of learning that involves practicing the same skill or task over and over
random practice
a method of learning that involves learning skills associated with a task in a varied order
whole learning
a technique for teaching skills in which the client learns the entire sequence of steps within the task
progressive part learning
a technique skills in which the therapist breaks down a task into several steps and teaches each step individually to the client
gesture training
compensatory intervention for neurobehavioral deficits that includes providing graded levels of task demands in two phases:
transitive gesture training - client demonstrates use of common objects
intransitive gesture training - client performs pantomime gestures based on cues
two types of gesture training
transitive gesture training
intransitive gesture training
transitive gesture training
client demonstrates use of common objects
instransitive gesture training
client peferforms pantomime gestures based on cues
chaining
intervention technique that includes completion of one step of the task at a time and sequentially adding additional steps once performance is achieved includes:
forward chaining
backward chaining
handling
therapeutic technique that involves providing physical support and cueing ot manually guide the torso or limbs into functional movement patterns
support is graded based on the amount of assistance the client needs
errorless learning
cognitive intervention method in which the task or activity is set up so that the client does not make an error, may be useful:
for clients with severe memory impairment
during skill training
spaced retrieval
cognitive intervention method in which the client is asked to recall information at expanding intervals
client will be asked to immediately recall names of people then recall 5 minutes later then 10 minutes later
cognitive compensatory strategy
internal or external method to maximize cognitive performance where strategy training may be a 3 phase process:
acquisition
application
adaptation
internal memory strategy
group of techniques to aid in mentally organizing cognitive information for retrieval at a later time
therapeutically used in conjunction with external strategies, examples include:
- visual imagery
- grouping similar information mnemonically
external memory strategy
therapeutic method used in neurorehabilitation to support ability to retrieve cognitive information at a later time, examples include
checklists
day planner
posted signs
metacognitie strategy
self-management method that includes the ability to identify cognitie challenges during day to day activities and to create strategies that can be duplicated over time
scanning training
intervention for visual field deficits to structure a visual search and increase awareness of blidn spots, may include:
progression of clinic activites to contextual task performance
visual anchoring
change in head and body position
memory aid: calendar
external memory strategy involving a time-limited planner used to promote effective schedule management, typically placed in a commonly viewed location
memory aid: wall chart
external memory strategy that includes posting written instructions steps or illustrations of routine tasks, or daily activities
typically placed in close proximity to where performance is expected
electronic memory aid
technology solutions ie: smartphone / mobile apps to aid in the retrieval of information during daily activities considerations for selection include
matching current abilities to device
simplicity of use
protective factors
factors in the social environment that support health, wellness, and preparedness for adverse or stressful events, including
access to supportive relationship and nurturing
awareness of resources
insight and capacity to use coping strategies
medication compliance program
strategy used to support a client’s participation in their prescription medication regimen, includes the use of assistive aids such as:
pill storage boxes ie: 7 day dosage box electronic reminders ie: pre-programmed alarm diary ie: calendar pill splitter or crusher insulin holders
mobile arm support
low tech adaptive device typically attached to a wheelchair frame or floor stand that supports the weight of the arm and has swivel components, used to provide assistance to weak muscles of the arm during a functional activity
built-up handles
adapative devices for persons with weak grip or decreased active ROM of the digits designed to enlarge the handles of commonly used small-handled ADL devices such as pens, toothbrushes eating utensils
bath mitt
adaptive device made of sponge or terry cloth material to hold a bar of soap and worn on the and during bathing, designed for persons with weak or no grip, intention tremors, in coordination
long-handled sponge
adapative bathing device comprised of a 23-29 inche (58 -74 cm) long plastic handle with a sponge or brush attached to the end, enables an individual with decreased reach to wash the back and lower extremities, options include a variety of handle types and sponge features
suction denture brush
adapative grooming device consisting of a small brush with bristles on both sides secured to a base with suction feet to hold the brush upright, beneficial for persons with weak grip or decreased active ROM of the digits, tremors or hemiplegia
dressing stick
AE comprised of a 19-26 inch long dowel with a reinforced hook on the end, designed to aid in putting on or taking off clothing, for individuals with limited reach or decreased mobility of the lower extremities
sock aid
AE used to help individual put on hosiery without having to bend forward beneficial for individuals who must follow post-surgical hip precautions those who have osteoarthritis of the hips or poor dynamic sitting balance
long-handled reacher
AE allows a person to pick up items from the floor or from overhead areas, designed for individuals with limited truck, hip, or knee mobility, decreased balance, or decreased shoulder mobility, options include a variety of handle types and grabbing features
leg lifter
AE used to move the LE into bed or raise the leg when in bed, constructed of sturdy fabric with loops on both ends: smaller loop is used as a handle and the larger loop is placed around the foot for lifting
overhead trapeze
type of durable medical equipment with an overhead hoist attached to a bedframe or portable stand, used to facilitate bed mobility or transition from supine to sitting by pulling up on a handle affixed to the base
bed rope ladder
AE to assist with sitting up from a supine position, secured at the foot of the bed and positioned within reach of the client
bed safety rail
safety device secured to the bed with a variety of optional features and lengths, typically used to
prevent a client form falling out of bed
provide a support for transferring in and out of bed
assist the client to change position when in bed
electric lift chair
AE used to assist a client with impaired mobility to transfer form sit to stand
doorknob extender
an AE that attaches to a door knob and has an extension handle used to assist a client who has decreased coordination or strength to open a door
pivot disc
a round flat disc placed on the floor used to assist a client who is able to bear weight during a transfer but has difficulty moving legs
sleep hygiene
establishing physical adn environment conditions for effective rest and sleep interventions may focus on:
activities performed prior to sleep
sleep schedules and routines
ambient conditions of the bedroom
stress management
strategies to promote relaxation and reduce symptoms of stress and anxiety, techniques include
deep breathing
muscular relaxation
visualization
coping strategies
method of dealing with a challenging psychological situation strategies may be
adapative
maladaptive
timed voiding
an intervention technique for bladder management in which toileting is scheduled at fixed time intervals
bladder training
an intervention technique frequently used for urge incontinence in which voiding is completed at a fixed schedule
pelvic floor exercise
an intervention technique for stress incontinence in which muscles surrounding the pelvic cavity are strengthened by completing a daily exercise regimen
mealtime environment
contextual setting specifically designated for eating based on temporal physical cultural and social factors
important consideration when planning feeding interventions with clients
swivel utensil
adaptive spoon or fork with a moving component designed to minimize food spillage, may be beneficial for persons with decreased forearm supination or intention tremors
rocker knife
AE utensil designed to enable one-handed cutting, may be beneficial for persons with hemiplegia, peripheral nerve injury or other condition resulting in a non functional grasp of one hand
universal cuff
AE for persons with limited or no grip designed to be secured with an elastic strap around the hand and contains a fixed pocket in which the handle of an eating utensil, toothbrush or other ADL device can be inserted for use
phase of swallowing : pre-oral phase
phase of swallowing that involves:
smell and visual appreciation of of food
stimulation of saliva
mouth and upper extremity motor movements to initiate the process of eating
oral preparatory phase
phase of swallowing that invovles: voluntary intake of food into mouth bolus formation with saliva chewing with molars and activation of buccal muscles to prevent pocketing bolus movement to the center of tongue
oral phase
phase of swallowing that involves
use of cheek and tongue muscles to retain bolus centrally
posterior migration of bolus
pharyngeal phase
phase of swallowing that involves
soft palate elevation
larynx and hyoid elevation and protraction cessation of airflow to prevent aspiration
vocal cord closure when whole bolus is moved through the pharyns
esophageal phase
phase of swallowing that is highly influenced by client’s position, and involves
return of upper esophageal sphincter to inc state
passage of food through the esophagus to the stomach
feeding trial
completed by a dysphagia specialist to determine clinically appropriate food purees to solid/regular diet and liquid water/thin to honey thick
requires careful monitoring for effectiveness of swallow and sign of aspiration thorough:
auscultation
palpation
auscultation
listening to internal sounds of the body typically with the use of a stethoscope
dysphagia diet
guidelines published by teh ADA to establish standard terminiology for dietary textures modification of food for dysphagia managements
levels of dysphagia:
1 - pureed foods
2 - mechanical altered
3 - dysphagia advanced
diet recommendations
information in plan of care following dysphagia assessment that includes a prescribed diet of specific food and liquid textures and consistency, taking into consideration:
diagnosis
oral motor function
aspiration risk
cognitive function
dysphagia diet liquid progression: thing
liquid consistency that requires an intact swallow
includes;
ice chips
broth
coffee
gelatin
