Chunk Four Flashcards
dysphagia diet liquid progression
dietary liquid modfiication that involves altering the viscosity of drinking liquids to decrease aspiration risk, includes the following the levels (from most difficult to swallow to easiest to swallow)
thin
nectar like
honey like
DDLP: nectar thick
thickened liquid consistency for safer swallowing that is a progression from thin liquid
may be natural or thin liquids prepared with thickening gel or powder such as
tomato juice
fruit nectar
egg nog
DDL: pureed
dietary food texture modification described as smooth, uniform consistency for safer swallowing that requires very little chewing ability examples include
pudding and plain yogurt
smooth apple sauce
whipped potatoes
DDL: mechanically altered
dietary food texture modficaiton described as moist, semi-solid consistency for safer swallowing that requires some chewing ability examples include:
cottage cheese
ripe banana
moist meat loaf
scrambled eggs
DDL: advanced
dietary food texture modification described as soft consistency for safer swallowing that requires more advanced chewing ability,e examples include:
baked potato with skin
moist pancakes
thin sliced meat
compensatory swallowing maneuvers
techniques reommended to facilitate safe swallow during the pharyngeal phase : only considered with clients who are alert attentive adn able to follow direction
ie:
chin tuck
mendelsohn maneuver
supraglottic swallow
super-supraglottic swallow
chin tuck
compensatory swallowing maneuver that involves moving the chin towards the chest while swallowing protects the airway and reduces the risk of aspiration
supraglottic swallow
compensatory swallowing technique used to close the vocal cords before and during swallow, involves the following steps;
- take a deep breath
- holding the breath while swallowing
- coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords
super-supraglottic swallow
compensatory swallowing technique used to close the airway entrance above the vocal cords involves the following steps
- taking a deep breath
- holding the breath and bearing down as in a bowel movement while swallowing
- coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords
mendelsohn maneuver
technique used to prolong the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter during a swallow involves pushing the tongue into the upper palette while manually maintaining the Adam’s apple in an elevated position
work simulator
electromechanical isotonic and isometric strengthening device used for work evaluation and intervention to improve upper extremity functional abilities
work conditioning
program focusing on returning a client to work: may:
include restoring ability and capacity associated with work related tasks
precede work hardening program
work hardening
structured rehabilitation program aimed at maximizing a client’s physical ability to return to a specific job function after an injury may include:
job simulation activities
work conditioning exercises
return to work program
work rehabilitation continuum that promotes cost-effective steps for job-related goal attainment
motor control
ability to execute movement in a controlled and purposeful manner
muscle tone
amount of tension in a muscle while at rest
in hand manipulation
skill requiring control of the palmar arches of the hand to grasp and control objects
five patterns include: finger to palm palm to finger shift simple rotation complex rotation
joint protection strategies
techniques used to minimize stress or prevent excessive forces on a joint during daily tasks
principles include
using the largest joint possible for the task
sliding items and performing tasks bilaterally
modifying the environment
considering adaptive equipment
energy conservation techniques
strategies to minimize fatigue by reducing task demands or amount of effort exerted during daily routines
includes:
pacing
planning
prioritizing
active exercise
voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles to move a body part through the available ROM
preserve joint mobility
minimize atrophy
increase strength
increase endurance
active-assistive exercise
voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles aided by an external force used with presence of severe muscle weakness to
restore ROM
regain muscle strength
passive stretch
a therapeutic technique used to slightly increase length of muscle fibers
achieved either mechanically (use of orthoses) or manually (slow and controlled passive ROM)
finger blocking exercise
active exercises that involves isolating a specific joint of the hand by supporting the digit just proximal to the joint being moved used to
target a specific joint
restore strength
prevent adhesions
enhance tendon glide
shoulder subluxation
partial displacement or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, may occur secondary to the effects of weakness muscle imbalance and gravty
conservative interventions may include
slings, positioning devices and taping
strengthening exercises
functional electrical stimulation
tenodesis grasp
kinsesiological effect that will cause the fingers to flex when the wrist is moved from neutral to extension and the fingers to extend when the wrist is moved from a neutral position to flexion
when is tenodesis grasp used
for a functional advantage for clients with:
spinal cord injury at the C6 -C7 level
radial nerve palsy
metabolic equivalent of task MET
measurement system commonly used in cardiac rehabilitation that indicates the energy expenditure required during a physical activity or daily task examples include
- 0-2.5 METs = sweeping floors
- 6-4.0 MET walking downstairs
cardiac rehabilitation
structured inter-professional team approach used to assist individuals recovery from myocardial infarction, heart surgery, per cutaneous coronary interventions procedures
phases include:
1. inpatient
2. outpatient
3 community based
isometric exercise
type of exercise in which a muscle or muscle group and joint angle do not move when the muscle acting on the joint are contracted
codman’s pendulum exercises:
therpeputic exercise for the shoulder joint in which teh client bends forward to the waist with the arm perpendicular to the floor, then rocks the body side to side allowing the relaxed arm to freely move in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction
neural gliding exercises
series of structured UE exercises intended to prevent nerve adhesion adn preserve neurla mobility often used as an adjunct intervention for compression neuropathies or nerve entrapment syndromes
tendon gliding exercises
series of hand exercises intended to prevent tendon adhesion and preserve tendon excursion includes the following:
stright fist: TGE
composite MCP and IP joint extension
hook fist: TGE:
MCP joint extension with IP joint flexion
intrinsic plus : TGE
MCP joint flexion with IP joint extension
straight IPS:
MCP and PIP flexion with DIP joint extension
full fist: IPS:
composite MCP and IP joint flexion
kensiotape
an elastic tape that is used to support an affected muscle during activity
compression garment
a custom fit garment used in a burn rehabilitation program to prevent and reduce hypertrophic scars by providing pressure over the affected area
fatigue management
techniques used to reduce feelings of exhaustion caused by physical conditions, psychosocial stressors, or work pressures
strategies include:
use of ergonomic products
pacing the activity
alternating heavy and light tasks
practicing stress management
mirror therapy
motor retraining method that includes using the reflection of the unaffected limb, typically used as an adjunct intervention for:
CRPS
phantom limb pain
hemiparesis
ideational apraxia
neurobehavioral deficit characterized by the inability to correctly use an everyday tool or object for its intended purpose
using a comb to brush teeth
motor apraxia
neurobehavioral deficit characterized by difficulty planning and sequencing the motor movements needed to complete task
ie attempting to reposition the bristles of a toothbrush to brush teeth when moving it from one side of the mouth to the other
constraint induced movement therapy
evidenced based intervention approach in stroke rehabilitation where the unaffected limb is restrained to facilitate functional use of affected limb
mental practice / motor imagery
intervention approach used in rehabilitation where the client creates a mental image of a desired movement and imagines performing the motion without actually moving the body part
edema management
methods used to reduce interstitial accumulation of fluid in the extremities secondary to surgery trauma or a disease process may include
limb elevation cryotherapy compression retrograde massage manual edema mobilization purposeful activity movement
trunk stability
ability of the core musculature to maintain posture and stability influences the quality of movement of the extremities during acvities
