Chs 17, 18, 19

Question 1

Staphylococci

Answer 1

Skin: bacteria 90% normal flora

Question 2

S. aureus

Answer 2

Skin: antibio resistant bacteria. manifestations x 4: sty; furuncle (boil); carbuncle; scalded skin syndrome

Question 3

Streptococci

Answer 3

Skin: bacteria, normal skin flora

Question 4

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 4

Skin: pathogenic bacteria. Impetigo, isolated pustules crusted rupture, spread by contact

Question 5

Pseudomonas sp.

Answer 5

Skin:
P. dermatitis = hot-tub rash
Otitis externa = ‘swimmers ear’

Question 6

Warts

Answer 6

Skin: Papilloma virus. hyperplasia (abnormally fast mitosis). treatments: acid, cryotherapy, electric current

Question 7

Chicken pox

Answer 7

Skin: Varicella virus. transmitted respiratory, manifests as skin lesions, post infection virus remains dormant in spinal area (dorsal root ganglion)

Question 8

Shingles

Answer 8

Skin: Herpes zoster. reactivation of chickenpox virus in immune suppressed. Lesions follow nerve pathways.

Question 9

Small pox

Answer 9

Skin: Variola virus. internal organs, skin lesions. A) major - 20% mortality rate; B) minor - 1% mortality, less severe. Total eradication of natural form (supposedly occurred) 1977

Question 10

Herpes simplex

Answer 10

Skin: A) HSV-1: 90% population, 15% show symptoms. saliva. B) HSV-2: STD. Both types remain in CNS.

Question 11

Rubeola

Answer 11

Skin: ‘regular’ measles. highly contagious thru respiratory droplets. cold-like symptoms, rash 10-12 days later. possible complication - pneumonia

Question 12

Rubella

Answer 12

Skin: German measles. milder than ruboela, light fever, mild rash. complications for preg women w/o immunity who contract during 1st trimester

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 13

NS: e.g. Hemophilus influenzae. symptoms: headache, stiff neck. encapsulated, normal throat flora. highest risk in children due to immature immune system

Question 14

Tetanus

Answer 14

NS: Clostridium tetani = obligate anaerobe, endospore + from soil w/animal feces. Neurotoxin enters PNS blood -> CNS, causes continual muscle contraction: Spastic Paralysis. Post exposure vaccination = YES.

Question 15

Botulism

Answer 15

NS: Clostridium botulinum = obligate anaerobe, endospore +, food poisoning “sausage disease”. symptoms: nausea (no fever) double vision as CNS involved. Neurotoxin blocks nerve ACH release, causes Flaccid Paralysis, respiratory and/or heart failure.
*Infant form - babies under 1, source: honey & corn syrup

Question 16

Leprosy

Answer 16

NS: Mycobacterium leprae. Acid fast +. lower temp –ONLY bacteria to grow and establish in PNS. 1:200 infected show symptoms.
2 forms:
A) tuberculoid - neural, lose skin sensation, recovery w/o issue
B) lepromatous - progressive, immune suppressed ppl, “lion faced/clawed hands”

Question 17

Polio (poliomyelitis)

Answer 17

NS: Humans are the Only Hosts. Feces contaminated H2O. Symptoms: sore throat and nausea. Travels to lymph nodes and tonsils (usually stops there - can enter blood but not typical.) 
If Viremia (viruses in blood) goes to CNS affect motor nerve cells in upper spine, virus multiplies in cytoplasm and caused paralysis leading to respiratory failure. "Iron lung"

Question 18

Rabies

Answer 18

NS: rhabdovirus, fatal encephalitis. bullet shaped. From infected animal bite. Post exposure vaccine YES. Hydrophobia (foaming at mouth). Final stages damage to brain and spine nerve cells & inevitable death

Question 19

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 19

Cardio: Streptococci common in oral cavity. Tooth extraction risk to ppl w/pre-existing heart conditions. Alpha (partial) hemolytic. Susceptible to P10.

Question 20

Acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 20

Cardio: caused by pathogenic Staph aureus and Strepto pyogenes. Beta hemolytic (total lysis). Normal immune systems are susceptible. bacteria move quickly from initial infection into blood/heart. Heart destruction within days weeks. Fatal if untreated. Susceptible to P10.

Question 21

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 21

Cardio: autoimmune complication, beings as ‘strep-throat’, heart abnormalities show 1-5 wks later. Subsequent strep infections will renew attacks and cause further heart damage.

Question 22

Sydenham’s chora

Answer 22

Cardio: rare type rheumatic fever, 10% patients, women, involuntary movement, disappears in a few months.