Chronotropic Effects Of Chemicals

Question 0

Drugs that stimulate ❤ (3)

Answer 0

Nicotine
Thyroid hormone
Caffeine

Question 1

Chronotipic effects of chemicals

Answer 1

Blood borne adrenal catecholamines (NE & epinephrine) are potent stimulants

Question 2

Nicotine

Answer 2

Stimulates catecholamine secretion

Question 3

Thyroid hormone

Answer 3

• Increases # of adrenergic receptors on ❤

- more responsive to sympathetic stimulation

Question 4

Caffeine

Answer 4

Inhibits cAMP breakdown prolonging adrenergic effect

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Answer 5

Excess k+ in cardiocytes:

• Myocardium less excitable
• ❤ rate slows, becomes irregular

Question 6

Hypokalemia

Answer 6

Deficiency k+ in cardiocytes:

• cells hyper polarized
• required stimulation

Question 7

Hypercalcemia

Answer 7

Excess of Ca2+

-decreases ❤ rate & contraction strength

Question 8

Hypocalcemia

Answer 8

Deficiency of Ca2+

-increases ❤ rate & contraction strength

Question 9

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 9

A constriction of the coronary arteries.

-result of atherosclerosis

Question 10

Artherosclerosis

Answer 10

An accumulation of lipid deposits that degrade the arterial wall and obstruct the lumen

Question 11

endothelium damaged by…

Answer 11

hypertension, virus, diabetes, or other causes

Question 12

________ penetrate walls of damage and transform into _______.

Answer 12

• Monocytes

- macrophages

Question 13

Foam cells and characteristics

Answer 13

Absorbs cholesterol & fats

• fatty streak on vessel walls
• can grow into atherosclerotic plaques (atheromas)

Question 14

_________ adhere to damaged areas and secrete __________ growth factor.

Answer 14

• Platelets

- Platelet-derived

Question 15

Platelets attract

Answer 15

• immune cells
• promoting mitosis of muscle and fibroblasts
• deposition of collagen

Question 16

Bulging mass _________ to _______ arterial lumen

Answer 16

• grows

- obstruct