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Blood Disorders > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Clot retraction occurs within _____.

A

Occurs within 30mins

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2
Q

Platelet-derived growth factor

A

Secreted by platelets and endothelial cells

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3
Q

Factor XII speeds up formation of ___________ enzyme

A

Kallikrein

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4
Q

Killikrein converts……..

A

Plasminogen into plasmin, a fibrin-dissolving enzyme that breaks up clot

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5
Q

Blood clot dissolution

A
  • Positive feedback occurs

- plasmin promotes formation of fibrin

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6
Q

Platelet repulsion

A

Platelets do not adhere to prostacyclin coated endothelium.

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7
Q

Thrombin dilution

A
  • by rapidly flowing blood

- –❤ slowing in shock can result in clot formation

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8
Q

Two Natural anticoagulants

A

Heparin & antithrombin

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9
Q

Heparin

A

(From basophils and mast cells) interferes with formation of prothrombin activator

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10
Q

Antithrombin

A

(From liver)

Deactivates thrombin before it can act on fibrinogen

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11
Q

Clotting disorders

A

Deficiency of any clotting factor can shut down the coagulation cascade

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12
Q

Hemophilia

A

Family of hereditary diseases characterized by deficiencies of one factor or another

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13
Q

3 Sex-linked recessive (on X chromosome)

A

Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Hemophilia C

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14
Q

Hemophilia A

A

missing factor VIII (83% of cases)

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15
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Missing factored IX (15% of cases )

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16
Q

Hemophilia C

A

Missing factor XI (autosomal)

17
Q

Hematomas

A

Masses of clotted blood in the tissues

18
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal clotting in unbroken vessel

19
Q

Thrombus: clot

A

Most likely to occur in leg veins of inactive people

20
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Clot may break free, travel from veins to lungs

21
Q

Embolus

A

Anything that can travel in the blood and block blood vessels

22
Q

Infraction (tissue death)

A

May occur if clot blocks blood supply to an organ (MI or Stroke)

23
Q

Goal

A

Prevent formation of clots or dissolving existing clots

24
Q

Vitamin k

A

Is required for formation of clotting factors

25
Q

Coumarin, warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Are vitamin k antagonists

26
Q

Aspirin

A

Supresses thromboxane A-squared

27
Q

Other anticoagulants discovered in _______________ research.

A

Animal

28
Q

Since 1884

A

Medicinal leeches are used to prevent blood clots (hirudin)

29
Q

Snake venom from…

A

Vipers (Arvin) prevent clots

30
Q

3 methods for dissolving clots that have already formed

A

Streptokinase
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
Hementin

31
Q

Streptokinase

A

Enzyme made by streptococci bacteria

  • used to dissolve clots in coronary vessels
  • digest almost any protein
32
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

A

Works faster, is more specific, and now made by transgenic bacteria

33
Q

Hementin

A

Produce by giant amazon leech

Blood Disorders (3 decks)

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