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Neuropharmacology > Chrono-neuropharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Chrono-neuropharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Shift work and circadian rhythm disruptions

A

Body temperature; respiratory rate; hormonal production; menstrual cycle; urinary excretion; cell division

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2
Q

Shift work and mental health

A

Stress; anxiety; depression; neuroticism; reduced vigilance; burnout syndrome

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3
Q

Shift work and CVDs

A

40% increased risk for: angina pectoris; hypertension; myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Shift work and reproduction

A

Spontaneous abortion; low birth weight; prematurity

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5
Q

Shift work on the brain

A

Sleep loss; REM sleep reduction; stage 2 sleep reduction; fatigue; reduce brain volume

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6
Q

Shift work and GI disorders

A

Dyspepsia; heartburn; abdominal pains; flatulence

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7
Q

Shift work and cancer

A

Increases risk of breast cancer and colorectal cancer

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8
Q

Overnight shift work carcinogen ranking

A

2A (1,2A,2B,3,4)- probably carcinogenic

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9
Q

Nurse studies on extended period of rotating nightwork

A

1979: 36% increased risk of breast cancer, 35% colorectal cancer and 43% endometrial cancer
1989: 79% increased risk of breast cancer

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10
Q

Why is sleep necessary?

A

Basic homeostatic need; important for learning, memory, growth and repair; sleep deprivation associated with cognitive impairment, performance impairment and immune system impairment

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11
Q

Awake

A

Beta waves

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12
Q

Drowsy, relaxed (usually closed eyes)

A

Alpha waves

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13
Q

Stage 1 sleep

A

Theta waves

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14
Q

Stage 2 sleep

A

Sleep spindles, K complexes

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15
Q

Stage 3 sleep and stage 4 sleep

A

Delta waves

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16
Q

REM sleep

A

Fast, random waves

17
Q

Sleep cycle architecture

A

diagram

18
Q

Sleep cycle outline

A

70-90 minute cycles of REM, NREM, NREM SWS

19
Q

VLPO is important for

A

SWS

20
Q

Ascending reticular system

A

… triggers waking

21
Q

Circadian regulation of sleep

A

diagram

22
Q

Lesion of the DMH…

A

…attenuate or eliminate circadian rhythms of sleep-wake

23
Q

Opponent process model

A

Homeostatic sleep drive (closing sleep gate); circadian drive for arousal (creating sleep gate)

24
Q

Lesion on the SCN…

A

…allows homeostatic drive to takeover (removes circadian)–> short bouts of sleep as pressure builds up, complete loss of rhythmicity

25
Q

Sleep is… (wrt. disease)

A

…indicative of many disorders and altered in many diesease

26
Q

Sleep and circadian disorders

A

table

27
Q

Per3 VNTR

A

Per3(4/4) evening preference and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Per3(5/5): extreme morning preference (increased evening sleep drive, higher deep sleep, early arousal); v poor cognitive performance if sleep deprived (~10% UK pop)

28
Q

Familial advanced phase sleep syndrome (FASPS)

A

Early chronotype, associated w Per2(S662G) and CK1δ (T44A and H46R)
All these MTs accelerate degradation of PER thus speed up the clock

29
Q

Delayed sleep phase syndrome

A

Sleep onset insomnia, inability to wake up at a conventional time
Extreme late chronotype
Mis-sense mutation (V647G) in Per3 increases risk of developing DSPS. Mutation in CK1ε (S408N) gene decreases risk of developing DSPS.

30
Q

Sleep and MDD

A

90% of patients w MDD report sleep disturbances; persistent insomnia increases the risk of relapse into major depressive episode; sleep disruption most reported symptom preceding manic/depressive episode in BD; TCAs also sedatives + strong hypnotic; management of sleep has therapeutic benefit

31
Q

Sleep and schizophrenia

A

Unstable circadian rhythms; sleep disturbances; fragmented rest-activity patterns; improving sleep quality often improves negative symptoms

32
Q

Sleep and ageing

A

Decreases in light exposure, photoreception, circadian oscillator amplitude; change in chronotype; increase in concomitant diseases –> increased likelihood of sleep disorders

33
Q

Why does AD affect sleep?

A

Degeneration of AChergic Ns in basal forebrain; SCN degeneration in MODELS has been observed; melatonin levels decreased and rhythm lost; circadian NAdergic reg of pineal by SCN affected in (pre)clinical patients

Neuropharmacology (20 decks)

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