Chronic Renal Failure

Question 1

Definition of chronic renal failure

Answer 1

loss of functional renal tissue due to a prolonged process (generally > 2 months)

Question 2

Degenerative causes of CKD

Answer 2

chronic interstitial nephritis

renal infarcts

Question 3

Developmental causes of CKD

Answer 3

familial renal dysplasia

PKD

Question 4

Metabolic causes of CKD

Answer 4

hypercalcemia

Question 5

Neoplastic causes of CKD

Answer 5

renal carcinoma

renal lymphoma

Question 6

Why does hyperphosphatemia develop during CKF

Answer 6

Kidneys are the primary route of phosphate excretion - reduced renal function will cause retention of phosphate

Question 7

In which two stages will you expect to see hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 7

Stage III & IV

Question 8

Effects of hyperphosphatemia

Answer 8

leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism
causes progression of disease
leads to reduced survival

Question 9

What causes hypokalemia in CKF

Answer 9

reduced intake

increase renal potassium loss