Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Flashcards
What are the symptoms of COPD?
Chronic cough
Dyspnea
Sputum production
Wheezing
What is the most common cause of COPD?
Tobacco smoking
What is Emphysema?
The destruction of the small passages in the lungs called alveoli
What is Bronchitis?
It is the inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes resulting in mucus production and chronic cough
How do we diagnose COPD?
By the use of Spirometry.
Check at FEV1 baseline then use a short acting bronchodilator (albuterol) then Check FEV1 again
If the FEV1/FVE post short acting bronchodilator use is < 0.70 = COPD
Classification of severity per GOLD
True or False: COPD drugs do not decreased mortality or modify the long-term decline of lung function, they only decrease symptoms and/or prevent complications like exacerbation and hospitalization.
True
What is the first line drug treatment for all COPD patients?
Bronchodilators
LABA and/or LAMA is used for regular treatment
SABA and/or SAMA can be used as needed.
True or False: Long term mono therapy with oral steroids or ICS is not recommended in COPD patients
True
ICS can only be used as add on in severe COPD cases
Which is preferred in the treatment of COPD: LAMA or LABA
LAMA
How are COPD exacerbations treated?
SABA with or without SAMA
+
an injectable or oral systemic steroid
When is antibiotics appropriate in COPD exacerbations?
If there is an increased sputum purulence, sputum volume, dyspnea or if mechanical ventilation is required, patient should receive 5 to 10 days of antibiotics.
What are some Short Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA) aka Anticholinergics agents used in the treatment of COPD?
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
What are some Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMA) aka Anticholinergics agents used in the treatment of COPD?
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)
What is one SAMA + SABA combination agent used in the treatment of COPD?
Ipratropium bromide + Albuterol (Combivent)
What are some Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA) agents used in the treatment of COPD? (4)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Vilanterol
Formoterol
Arformoterol (Brovana)
