Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Ch. 9) Flashcards
What is Leukemia?
cancer in blood cells produced in the bone marrow
What is Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
proliferation of the granulocytic cell line w/o losing their capacity to differentiate but are NOT functional
What are the 3 other myeloproliferative disorders?
- polycythemia vera
- myelofibrosis
- thrombocytopenia
What is polycythemia vera? What can it cause?
increase in RBC numbers
- Can affect BP, can cause blockages = stroke or MI
- Can cause splenomegaly
What is idiopathic myelofibrosis? What can it cause?
marrow replaced w/ scar tissue, extramedullary hematopoiesis, anemia, splenomegaly
- Can lead to less cells of the blood circulating
What is thrombocythemia? What can it cause?
overproduction of platelets
- high risk of clotting
What are the symptoms of blast crisis?
- fatigue
- fever
- splenomegaly
What is a risk factor for CML?
radiation exposure
Signs and Symptoms of CML?
- fevers
- unexplained weight loss
- night sweats
- fatigue
- LUQ pain/discomfort
- abdominal fullness (related to enlarged spleen)
- sternal tenderness (marrow overexpansion)
What is the Philadelphia chromosome?
translocation from chr9 to chr22 = fusion gene BCR-ABL1
What is the pathology of the Philadelphia chromosome?
unregulated tyrosine kinase activity = unregulated cell division
What are the 3 disease phases of CML?
chronic (<10% blast cells) | accelerated (10-19% blast cells) | blast crisis (<20% blast cells)
What is the pathophysiology of CML?
overproduction of blast granulocytes in BM = no room for healthy blood cells in BM = decrease in circulating healthy blood cells
What are the 7 diagnostic tools used to determine CML?
- physical exam
- CBC
- blood smear
- BM biopsy
- FISH
- karyotype
- PCR
What are the X treatment options for CML?
- Gleevec
- allogenic transplant
- CRISPR
- hydroxyurea
