Chronic Kidney Disease- 6 questions DONE

Question 1

What happens when the kidneys are not able to perform the functions?

How would lab values change?

What are clinical manifestations?

Treatment and management, including meds

Answer 1

Blood in urine, waste buildup

Lab Values:
Decreased GFR,
protein, bilirubin, WBC in urine
Increased SCr
Low CBC

Nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, edema, dry/itchy skin, increased/decreased urinary urgency

Meds: ACE inhibitors and ARBs to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose, and lower cholesterol

Vit. D and calcium supplements
Lower protein diet to minimize waste products in blood

End Stage: dialysis, transplant

Question 2

Make sure you understand the lab changes that are directly affected by the change in kidney function

Answer 2

Decreased clearance rates (GFR, SCr,) Increased amounts of Creatinine and Bun

There should not be
Urine, Glucose Albumin & Protein
In urine

Question 3

Meds- if you administering a medication to address a manifestation of CKD, what are some potential side effects

Answer 3

ACE inhibitor side effects: dry cough, potassium overload, fatigue/dizziness (hypotension), headaches, loss of taste

Question 4

Fluid restrictions and substances that are restricted

Answer 4

Salt restriction, lower potassium foods, limited protein in the diet (urea)

Question 5

Effects of uremia on the body. What clinical manifestations would be present. What would you expect your patient to say about the manifestations

Answer 5

When kidneys have a low renal clearance, there is buildup (especially protein), which leads to increased BUN and creatinine levels

Uremia:
Discoloration of skin
Dryness secondary to decreased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands
Excoriation
Ecchymoses & purpura