Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
what is Chronic inflammation?
inflammation of prolonged duration resulting from a balance between progressive tissue damage cause by a persistent damaging stimulus and attempted eradication of the damaging agent follwed by tissue repair
what happens after recurrent episodes of acute inflammation?
more inflammation = thickening of the tissue
what can cause chronic inflammation?
usually persisting from an acute inflammaiton
- can present after prolonged exposure to toxic agents such as silic or asbestos (honeycomb lungs)
Autoimmune diseases
IBS
Atherosclerosis
what are some examples of mononuclear cells?
macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells
what is ‘granulation’ tissue?
it is the newly formed ‘repaired’ tissue - it has raised vascularity which gives it a ‘red’ appearance in the scar - eventulaly though it becomes while
What mononucleic cell is normally present in healthy tissue
macrophages - they are also mobilised towards injjury sites when needed
what is the main effector cells in chronic inflammaiton?
macrophages/monocytes
what ‘activates’ macrophages?
activated by cytokines and bacterial endotoxins
or phagocytosis
how do macrophages communicate with the specific immune response?
macrophages present their phagocytosed material to the T cells - leading to T-Cell activation
what is the effect of products released by macrophages?
Tissue destruction
- proteases/enzymes
- AA metabolites
- Toxic oxygen metabolites etc
Vascular Proliferation
- growth factors
- cytokines
- remodelling collagenase and metalloproteinase
What do T Lymphocytes release?
they release Lymphokines that stiulate macrophages
What are the two major groups of T-Lymphocytes?
- CD4 positive T helper cells which secrete cytokines and stimulate B-cells and activate macrophages. NB need macrophages to present antigen to them
- CD8 positive T cytotoxic suppressor cells which destroy host cells harbouring microbes
